Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMS292 > Topic 2 Endocrine System Dysfunction. > Flashcards

Topic 2 Endocrine System Dysfunction. Flashcards

1
Q

LO 1. Describe endocrine tissue / organs and the hormones they produce:

A

.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

LO 1. Hypothalamus

A
  • Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH)

- Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

LO 1. Anterior Pituitary Gland

A
  • Growth Hormone (GH)
  • Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
  • Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

LO 1. Posterior Pituitary Gland

A
  • Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

- Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

LO 1. Adrenal Cortex

A
  • Aldosterone

- Cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

LO 1. Adrenal Medulla

A
  • Epinephrine

- Norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

LO 1. Thyroid Gland

A
  • Thyroid hormones T3 & T4

- Calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

LO 1. Parathyroid Gland

A
  • Parathyroid Hormone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

LO 2. What is the target tissue & effect of Thyroid Releasing Hormone (TRH)?

A
  • Anterior Pituitary Gland.

- Stimulates release of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

LO 2. What is the target tissue & effect of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)?

A
  • Thyroid Gland.

- Stimulates release of Thyroid Hormones T3 & T4 (.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

LO 2. What is the target tissue & effect of Thyroid Hormones T3 & T4?

A
  • ALL Tissues of the body.
  • control of basel metabolic rate e.g. shiver.
  • stimulates protein synthesis (growth).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

LO 3. Describe Growth Hormone deficiency:

A
  • “hypopituitarism”: associated w’ same symptoms as metabolic syndrome:
  • insulin resistance, dyslipidemia….
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

LO 3. Describe Growth Hormone excess:

A
  • In Children = gigantism

- In Adults = acromegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

LO 3. Describe Thyroid Hormone deficiency:

A 
"Hypothyroidism";
- basel metabolic rate decreases.
- GOITRE = enlarged thyroid forms.
- deep voice, bradycardia, weight gain.
# congenital hypothyroidism = cretinism.
# acquired hypothyroidism = myxedema.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

LO 3. Describe Thyroid Hormone excess:

A

“Hyperthyroidism” (thyrotoxicosis);

  • basel metabolic rate increases.
  • “Graves Disease” is the most common cause.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

LO 3. Describe Glucocorticoids deficiency:

A

“Addisons Disease”

  • hypotension, weight loss…
  • hypoglycaemia, fever…
17
Q

LO 3. Describe Glucocorticoids excess:

A

“Cushings Syndrome”

  • hypertension, fat pads… moon face.
  • hyperglycaemia
18
Q

LO 4. Describe the role of Insulin:

A
  • produced by beta-cells of islet of langerhans (pancreas)
  • promotes glucose uptake by target cells.
  • inhibits gluco-neo-genesis
  • released when BGL is HIGH.
19
Q

LO 4. Describe the role of Glucagon:

A
  • produced by Alpha-cells of islet of langerhans (in pancreas)
  • maintains blood glucose between meals & during fasting by facilitating glycogenolysis & gluco-neo-genesis.
  • released when BGL is LOW.
20
Q

How does Diabetes Mellitus result from inappropriate insulin signalling?

A

DM arises when an imbalance occurs & the body fails to produce or respond to insulin.
i.e. DM = poor glucose regulation = dysfunction of the Pancreas.

21
Q

What are DM manifestations?

A
  • inability to transport glucose into fat & muscle cells - cells are starved, so breakdown of fat & protein is increased.
22
Q

Define Type 1 Diabetes?

A

= Insulin dependant.

- pathological loss of pancreatic B-cells due to autoimmune condition: genetic, viral or idiopathic.

23
Q

What are Type 1 DM manifestations?

A
  • severe hyperglycaemia
  • ketogeneis
  • dehydration
  • acidosis (ketones)
24
Q

Define Type 2 Diabetes?

A
  • resistance to or dysfunction in insulin signalling in muscle & fat cells.
  • associated w’ lifestyle & obesity
25
Q

What are Type 2 DM manifestations?

A
  • peripheral insulin resistance results in compensatory high plasma insulin level to maintain BGL.
  • Metabolic syndrome = at least 1 of the following: Hypertension, obesity, hypre-triglycerides, low HDL, microalbuminuria
26
Q

Define: “…genesis”

A

= to synthesis (convert)

  • Lipo-genesis = converts excess glucose to fat stores.
  • Glyco-genesis = the synthesis of glycogen from glucose.
  • Gluco-neo-genesis = convert amino acids into glucose.
27
Q

Define: “…lysis”

A

= to breakdown.

  • Lipo-lysis = fat (store) breakdown
  • Glycogeno-lysis = breakdown of glycogen to glucose.
  • Glycolysis = metabolic pathway that converts glucose to pyruvate (aerobic) or lactic acid (anaerobic).
28
Q

Define: acidosis

A

= increase in acidity of the blood

29
Q

Define: ketosis

A

= an accumulation of ketones in the blood

ketones = Acidic substances that are produced when the body breaks down and uses fat, instead of sugar, for energy

BMS292 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions