topic 5 (photosynthesis/respiration)

Question 1

what processes do plants need energy for?

Answer 1

photosynthesis/active transport/DNA replication/cell division/ protein synthesis

Question 2

what processes do animals need energy for?

Answer 2

muscle contraction/ maintaining body temperature/ active transport/ DNA replication/ cell division/ protein synthesis

Question 3

what is photosynthesis?

Answer 3

process where energy from light is used to make glucose from water and carbon dioxide

Question 4

how do plants obtain glucose?

Answer 4

by eating plants/other animals, then respire the glucose to release energy

Question 5

what is respiration?

Answer 5

where plant and animal cells release energy from glucose

Question 6

what is aerobic respiration?

Answer 6

respiration using oxygen

Question 7

what is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 7

respiration without oxygen

Question 8

what does aerobic respiration produce?

Answer 8

carbon dioxide, water, energy

Question 9

what does anaerobic respiration produce? (plants/yeast)

Answer 9

ethanol, carbon dioxide, energy

Question 10

what does anaerobic respiration produce? (humans)

Answer 10

lactate, releases energy

Question 11

what is the structure of ATP?

Answer 11

adenine
ribose
3 phosphate groups

Question 12

what is the energy released from glucose used to make?

Answer 12

ATP

Question 13

how is ATP synthesised?

Answer 13

condensation reaction between ADP and inorganic phosphate, catalysed by ATP synthase

Question 14

what happens when ATP diffuses to the part of the cell that needs energy?

Answer 14

ATP hydrolysed into ADP and inorganic phosphate

Question 15

why is ATP a good energy source?

Answer 15

releases small, manageable amounts of energy at a time- none wasted as heat
small, soluble molecule- easily transported around the cell
easily broken down- energy released quickly
quickly re made
can make other molecules more active by phosphorylation
can’t pass out of the cell- cell always has energy

Question 16

what is a metabolic pathway?

Answer 16

series of small reactions controlled by enzymes

Question 17

what is phopshorylation?

Answer 17

adding phosphate to a molecule

Question 18

what is photophosphorylation?

Answer 18

adding phosphate to a molecule using light

Question 19

what is photolysis?

Answer 19

splitting of a molecule using light energy

Question 20

what is photoionisation?

Answer 20

when light energy excites electrons in a molecule, giving them more energy and causing them to be released

Question 21

what is hydrolysis?

Answer 21

splitting of a molecule using water

Question 22

what is decarboxylation?

Answer 22

removal of carbon dioxide from a molecule

Question 23

what is dehydrogenation?

Answer 23

removal of hydrogen from a molecule

Question 24

what are redox reactions?

Answer 24

reactions that involve oxidation and reduction

Question 25

what is a co enzyme?

Answer 25

molecule that aids the function of an enzyme

Question 26

how do co enzymes work?

Answer 26

transfer a chemical group from one molecule to another

Question 27

which co enzyme is used in photosynthesis?

Answer 27

NADP

Question 28

what does NADP do?

Answer 28

transfers hydrogen from one molecule to another

Question 29

which co enzymes are used in respiration?

Answer 29

NAD, co enzyme A, FAD

Question 30

what do NAD and FAD do?

Answer 30

transfer hydrogen from one molecule to another

Question 31

what does co enzyme A do?

Answer 31

transfers acetate between molecules