topic 5 (photosynthesis/respiration) Flashcards
what processes do plants need energy for?
photosynthesis/active transport/DNA replication/cell division/ protein synthesis
what processes do animals need energy for?
muscle contraction/ maintaining body temperature/ active transport/ DNA replication/ cell division/ protein synthesis
what is photosynthesis?
process where energy from light is used to make glucose from water and carbon dioxide
how do plants obtain glucose?
by eating plants/other animals, then respire the glucose to release energy
what is respiration?
where plant and animal cells release energy from glucose
what is aerobic respiration?
respiration using oxygen
what is anaerobic respiration?
respiration without oxygen
what does aerobic respiration produce?
carbon dioxide, water, energy
what does anaerobic respiration produce? (plants/yeast)
ethanol, carbon dioxide, energy
what does anaerobic respiration produce? (humans)
lactate, releases energy
what is the structure of ATP?
adenine
ribose
3 phosphate groups
what is the energy released from glucose used to make?
ATP
how is ATP synthesised?
condensation reaction between ADP and inorganic phosphate, catalysed by ATP synthase
what happens when ATP diffuses to the part of the cell that needs energy?
ATP hydrolysed into ADP and inorganic phosphate
why is ATP a good energy source?
releases small, manageable amounts of energy at a time- none wasted as heat
small, soluble molecule- easily transported around the cell
easily broken down- energy released quickly
quickly re made
can make other molecules more active by phosphorylation
can’t pass out of the cell- cell always has energy
what is a metabolic pathway?
series of small reactions controlled by enzymes
what is phopshorylation?
adding phosphate to a molecule
what is photophosphorylation?
adding phosphate to a molecule using light
what is photolysis?
splitting of a molecule using light energy
what is photoionisation?
when light energy excites electrons in a molecule, giving them more energy and causing them to be released
what is hydrolysis?
splitting of a molecule using water
what is decarboxylation?
removal of carbon dioxide from a molecule
what is dehydrogenation?
removal of hydrogen from a molecule
what are redox reactions?
reactions that involve oxidation and reduction
what is a co enzyme?
molecule that aids the function of an enzyme
how do co enzymes work?
transfer a chemical group from one molecule to another
which co enzyme is used in photosynthesis?
NADP
what does NADP do?
transfers hydrogen from one molecule to another
which co enzymes are used in respiration?
NAD, co enzyme A, FAD
what do NAD and FAD do?
transfer hydrogen from one molecule to another
what does co enzyme A do?
transfers acetate between molecules
