Topic 5: Industry Structure

Question 1

Year swine came to the USA

Answer 1

1820

Question 2

State that was #1 in 1840 for production
2?
3?

Answer 2

TN
KY
OH

Question 3

1860, who was number 1 producer state wise?

Answer 3

Indiana

Question 4

Center of pork industry

Answer 4

Cincinnati AKA “Porkopolis”

Due to the waterway (OH River) that allowed easy transport

Question 5

1870 no. 1?

Answer 5

Illinois

Question 6

1880 to today no. 1?

Answer 6

Iowa

Question 7

Center of the pork industry is what city?

Answer 7

Chicago

Question 8

Year union stockyards closed?

Answer 8

1970

Question 9

Life Cycle

Answer 9

Birth (farrowing) at about 4.25 lbs when born

Weaned at 14-35 days; 12-20lbs; avg wean day is 21 days

Nursery (nursery/feeder pigs) 7-9 weeks; 40-70 lbs

Growing/finishing 20-26 weeks; 250-280 lbs

Question 10

What do you do during the grower phase?

Answer 10

Make selection for replacements; breed; and begin gestation and life cycle all over again

Question 11

Gestate is what time

Answer 11

3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days

Question 12

Industry structure categories

Answer 12

Farrowing

Isolation (bring in new animals)

Nursery

Growing/finishing

Breeding and gestation

Question 13

3 ways to spread DZ

Answer 13

1) Direct contact: Between pigs that could be physical contact between infected pig to non infected or susceptible animal

2) Airborne: Susceptible animal comes in contact with pathogen in air
Isolate pigs to different barn

3) Indirect Contact: Susceptible pig comes in contact with a fomite on contaminated surface

Question 14

Biosecurity All in All Out model (AIAO)

Answer 14

Keeps same pigs together

Pigs often matched by: age; weight; production stage; condition (BCS)

AIAO ideally by site (not practiced unless you have lots of $$)

Reality: Building; room; air space; pen (high dz transmission if sep by pens)

Question 15

Farrow to finish

Answer 15

All stages of life
Traditional and historic
No change to animal ownership

A lot of work
Expensive
Not used commercially

Question 16

2 site pig production

Answer 16

1st site: Breeding and gestation + Farrowing (concerned with repro)

2nd site: Nursery + Growing/finishing (concerned with weight gain)

Question 17

3 site pig production

Answer 17

1) Breeding and gestation + Farrowing

2) Nursery

3) Growing/finishing

Question 18

Farrow to feeder

Answer 18

Feeder pigs raised to 40-70 lbs then they are sold by open market (auction), contracts, or private treaties

**Lots of labor
**Viable option if limited feed supply

Question 19

Finishing pig production

Answer 19

Feeder pigs
–>Feed to market weight
—-> sold to market for slaughter

**Minimum management and labor and facilities
Lots of feed
Strongest life stage

Question 20

Direct negotiation b/t producer and buyer; each group sold is a treaty priced usually on per head basis

Advertised or word of mouth

Answer 20

Private Treaty

Question 21

Good for small farms; sell quick; competitive buying

Answer 21

Open market (Auction)

Question 22

Sale b/t producers; usually multi-year price based on futures price of hog @ time when it would reach mrkt. weight)

Most livestock mrkt done this way

Answer 22

Contracts

Question 23

Feed; genetics; vet service

Answer 23

Input

Question 24

Farrow to feeder; feeder to finish; farrow to finish

Answer 24

Production

Question 25

Packing/intermediate processing; final processing; wholesalers

Answer 25

Processing and Distribution

Question 26

Supermarkets; Restaurants; Food suppliers to institutes

Answer 26

marketing

Question 27

Name some industry leaders

Answer 27

Smithfield VA

Shawnee Mission KS

Pipestone MN

Carlyle IL