Topic 4: Breeds Flashcards
Breed
Group of animals in species that has been artificially selected to possess a uniform, heritable, distinct appearance in addition to emphasizing specific livestock production traits
Pigs first used for
Lard types
Fat for energy burnings stuff
no longer used for fat
Later used for
Wow! these taste good!
Bacon type selection
Now used for
Used for more than bacon
meat types
use whole animal
Production efficiency and carcass quality
Focus on maternal or terminal breeds
Maternal
Production value and traits
Replacement females; large litters
Terminal
Carcass quality traits
Growth
Name maternal breeds
Chester White, Landrace, Yorkshire
Name terminal breeds
Berkshire, duroc, hampshire, spotted, poland china
Chester White
Maternal-From chester county, PA
Solid white
Droop ears, medium size
No coloring larger than silver dollar
Chester white traits
Mothering ability
soundness
durability
Landrace
Mothering from Denmark and imported to US in 1934
Solid white
Droopy ears
Long body, concave back
5th most recorded breed
Landrace Traits
Heavy litters
High milk production
Yorkshire
Mothering; York, England
Imported to OH in 1830
1st most recorded breed
Solid white
erect ears
muscular
Yorkshire Traits
Low backfat
soundness
slow growth rate
durable
Bershire
Terminal from Shire of Berks England 1700s to US 1823
3rd most recorded breed
Black with 6 white points (Face, 4 socks, tip of tail)
Erect ears
Berkshire Traits
Fast and efficient growth
Reproduce efficiently
Meat flavor and value
Duroc
Terminal: Jerskey reds and NY durocs
second most recorded
Red in color
droop ears
Duroc Traits
High muscle quality
High carcass yield
fast growth
lean carcass
Hampshire
Terminal: Scotland to Boone County, KY
4th most recorded breed
Black with white band around body and shoulder
Erect ears
Hampshire Traits
Quality carcass
Low backfat
lean muscle
large loin eyes
Poland China
Ohio breed from Miami, Butler, Warren 1816
Black with 6 white points (Face, 4 socks, switch)
Floppy ears
Poland China Traits
Large Frame
Long body
muscular
lean
Spotted
Spots from many diff. breeds
First called Warren county hogs
Black and white spots
Floppy ears
no solid black head from ears forward
Spotted traits
Feed efficiency Rate of gain Carcass quality durable docile
Commercial Lines
Most common pigs in production
No purebreds
crossbreds
derived from genetic lines, not breeds!
Major commercial players (europe)
NPD Cotswald Newsham Seghers Danbred Dalland
Major US company for commercial lines
Choice Genetics
Given numbers instead since they are commercial not breeders (Like P86)
Largest supplier of seedstock world wide
PIC USA (Pig Improvement Company)
Camborough [(Yorkshire x Landrace sow) x Duroc]= C-15
C-29 is newest female
PROVIDES SOWS
Chester White Photo
Landrace Photo
Berkshire Photo
Duroc Photo
Hampshire Photo
Poland China Photo
Spotted Pig Photo