Topic 5 - Health, Disease and the Development of Medicines Flashcards
Which cell structure is found in plant and animal cells but not in bacterial cells?
nucleus
Give one example of a disease that can be caught from another person.
any communicable/infectious disease, e.g. flu or a cold
Give an example of a disease that is not passed from person to person.
any non-communicable disease, e.g. cancer, diabetes
Name a type of organism that can cause disease.
any one from: bacterium, virus, protist, fungus
Suggest one way in which infectious diseases are spread.
any suitable method, e.g. by sneezing, in air, in water, by touching faeces
What might a doctor give to someone who has a bacterial disease?
antibiotic
Give one symptom of flu.
any one from: high temperature/fever, aches, runny nose, sore throat
What does the immune system do?
protect against infection
Which term describes bacteria that are not harmed by an antibiotic?
antibiotic resistant
Describe one thing you can do to stay healthy.
any suitable answer such as: avoid infection, get regular exercise, eat a good diet, avoid stress
Is alcoholic liver cirrhosis a communicable or non-communicable disease?
non-communicable
Which type of disease is passed from parent to offspring in their genes?
genetic disease
What causes malnutrition?
a poor diet/diet without the right balance of nutrients
What causes a deficiency disease?
not getting enough of a nutrient from food
Give one example of a deficiency disease.
any suitable answer such as anaemia, kwashiorkor, scurvy
Give an example of a lifestyle factor that is linked to disease.
any suitable answer such as diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption
If the amount of alcohol a person drinks increases, how will their risk of liver disease change?
increase
What is the function of the liver that makes it particularly likely to be damaged by alcohol?
It breaks down toxic substances including alcohol.
Describe one problem that alcohol consumption causes for society.
any suitable answer such as cost of treating people with liver disease, loss of working days, increased risk of deaths by drink driving
What is cardiovascular disease?
disease of the heart and/or circulatory system
Is cardiovascular disease communicable or non-communicable?
non-communicable
Name two ways of measuring obesity.
BMI and waist : hip ratio
How does diet affect obesity?
Eating too much increases mass/obesity.
How does exercise affect obesity?
More exercise can decrease obesity.
How is obesity correlated with cardiovascular disease?
Increasing obesity increases the risk of disease.
How is smoking tobacco correlated with cardiovascular disease?
The more a person smokes, the greater the person’s risk of cardiovascular disease.
Name two different types of treatment for cardiovascular disease.
any two from: bypass surgery or stent as to prevent blood clots or reduce blood pressure; lifestyle changes smoking, increasing exercise or changing diet
What is a pathogen?
a microorganism that causes disease in/harms the body
Are diseases caused by pathogens communicable or non-communicable?
communicable
Which type of pathogen is HIV?
virus