Topic 5 Health, Disease And The Development Of Medicines Flashcards
What is health?
The world health organisation defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
Mental- how u feel about yourself
Social- how well u get on with other people
Physical- such as eating and sleeping well
What is communicable and non-communicable disease?
Communicable- passed from one person to another
Non-communicable- not passed between people
What is a pathogen?
An organism that causes an infectious disease
These include bacterial and viruses, fungi and protists
What is a bacterium?
Release toxins that make us feel ill
What is a virus?
Take over our body’s cells causing the cells to make toxins
What are fungi?
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms
What are protists?
Protists are eukaryotic organisms
What is cholera and how can it be spread?
Causes diarrhoea
Spread through water
What is tuberculosis and how can it be spread?
Causes lung damage
Spread airborne
What is chalara ash diaback and how can it be spread?
Causes leaf loss and bark lesions
Spread airborne
What is malaria and how can it spread?
Causes damage to blood and liver
Spread by animal vectors
What is HIV and chlamydia?
Destroys white blood cells, leading to the onset of AIDS
Chlamydia bacteria can be spread by contact with sexual fluid from an infected partner
How can SITs be spread and prevented?
Spread:
- unprotected sex with an infected partner
- infection from blood products
Prevented:
- screening people
- use condoms during sexual intercourse
What are chemical barriers?
Lysozyme enzyme in tears
Also present in saliva and mucus
Hydrochloric acid in stomach kills pathogens
What are physical barriers?
Unbroken skin
Sticky mucus
Cilia hairs trapping pathogens
What is the role of the specific immune system?
Exposure to pathogen
The antigens trigger an immune response which causes the production of antibodies
The antigens also trigger production of memory lymphocytes
The role of memory lymphocytes in the secondary response to the antigen
What are antibiotics?
Antibiotics are medicines that kill bacteria inside the body
What are the effects of non-communicable diseases?
Exercise and diet on obesity and malnutrition
BMI = mass/ height(squared)
Alcohol on liver diseases
Smoking on cardiovascular diseases
What are factors affecting the risk of developing non-communicable diseases?
Genes- different alleles in genes cause breast cancer
Age- older the body more likely that cells may develop mutations
Sex- females get the hormone oestrogen
Environmental- air pollution can cause lung diseases
Lifestyle factors- diet, alcohol, smoking and exercising
What is the BMI equation?
BMI= mass (kg) / height in (m) squared
