Topic 5 Health, Disease And The Development Of Medicines

Question 1

What is health?

Answer 1

The world health organisation defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
Mental- how u feel about yourself
Social- how well u get on with other people
Physical- such as eating and sleeping well

Question 2

What is communicable and non-communicable disease?

Answer 2

Communicable- passed from one person to another
Non-communicable- not passed between people

Question 3

What is a pathogen?

Answer 3

An organism that causes an infectious disease
These include bacterial and viruses, fungi and protists

Question 4

What is a bacterium?

Answer 4

Release toxins that make us feel ill

Question 5

What is a virus?

Answer 5

Take over our body’s cells causing the cells to make toxins

Question 6

What are fungi?

Answer 6

Fungi are eukaryotic organisms

Question 7

What are protists?

Answer 7

Protists are eukaryotic organisms

Question 8

What is cholera and how can it be spread?

Answer 8

Causes diarrhoea
Spread through water

Question 9

What is tuberculosis and how can it be spread?

Answer 9

Causes lung damage
Spread airborne

Question 10

What is chalara ash diaback and how can it be spread?

Answer 10

Causes leaf loss and bark lesions
Spread airborne

Question 11

What is malaria and how can it spread?

Answer 11

Causes damage to blood and liver
Spread by animal vectors

Question 12

What is HIV and chlamydia?

Answer 12

Destroys white blood cells, leading to the onset of AIDS
Chlamydia bacteria can be spread by contact with sexual fluid from an infected partner

Question 13

How can SITs be spread and prevented?

Answer 13

Spread:
- unprotected sex with an infected partner
- infection from blood products
Prevented:
- screening people
- use condoms during sexual intercourse

Question 14

What are chemical barriers?

Answer 14

Lysozyme enzyme in tears
Also present in saliva and mucus
Hydrochloric acid in stomach kills pathogens

Question 15

What are physical barriers?

Answer 15

Unbroken skin
Sticky mucus
Cilia hairs trapping pathogens

Question 16

What is the role of the specific immune system?

Answer 16

Exposure to pathogen
The antigens trigger an immune response which causes the production of antibodies
The antigens also trigger production of memory lymphocytes
The role of memory lymphocytes in the secondary response to the antigen

Question 17

What are antibiotics?

Answer 17

Antibiotics are medicines that kill bacteria inside the body

Question 18

What are the effects of non-communicable diseases?

Answer 18

Exercise and diet on obesity and malnutrition
BMI = mass/ height(squared)
Alcohol on liver diseases
Smoking on cardiovascular diseases

Question 19

What are factors affecting the risk of developing non-communicable diseases?

Answer 19

Genes- different alleles in genes cause breast cancer
Age- older the body more likely that cells may develop mutations
Sex- females get the hormone oestrogen
Environmental- air pollution can cause lung diseases
Lifestyle factors- diet, alcohol, smoking and exercising

Question 20

What is the BMI equation?

Answer 20

BMI= mass (kg) / height in (m) squared