Topic 4 Natural Selection And Genetic Modification

Question 1

What is Darwin’s theory of evolution?

Answer 1

Some individuals have inherited advantageous variations that give them an advantage over other species
Genes passed on to their young and more individuals have these advantageous genes
Individuals without these are less likely to survive these won’t produce young

Question 2

Human evolution based on fossils

Answer 2

Arid from 4.4 million years ago
Lucy from 3.2 million years ago
Leakey’s discovery of fossils from 1.6 million years ago

Question 3

Evidence for human evolution based on stone tools

Answer 3

4 million years ago a lot rounder
2 million years ago sharp egdes to cut through

Question 4

What is a five-kingdom system?

Answer 4

Plants
Animals
Fungi
Protists
Prokaryotes

Question 5

What is three- domain system?

Answer 5

Eubacteria
Archaea
Prokaryotes

Question 6

What is selective breeding?

Answer 6

When plants or animals with certain desirable characteristics are chosen to breed together so that offspring will be produced that inherit these characteristics.

Question 7

What is genetic engineering?

Answer 7

Changing the genome of an organism, often by producing genes from another genetically modified organisms.

Question 8

What are GM crops?

Answer 8

Resistant to attack by insects
Resistant to herbicides so that fields can be sprayed to kill weeds, but not the crop

Question 9

What are the stages of genetic engineering when making human insluin?

Answer 9

DNA from human cell is cut into enzymes called restriction enzymes
Staggered cuts called sticky ends
DNA containing insulin gene are mixed with plasmids
An enzyme called ligaments is added
The plasmids are inserted into bacteria