Topic 1 Key Concepts In Biology Flashcards
What are animal and plant cells?
Animals and plants are formed by cells. Animal and plant cells have some parts in common. These parts have particular functions in a cell. Cells like these, with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, are called eukaryotic cells.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
This controls what enters and leaves the cell e.g oxygen and carbon dioxide
What is the function of the nucleus?
A large structure that contains genes that control the activities of the cell
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
It’s a jelly-like substance that fills the cell- many reactions take place here
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Tiny structures where respiration takes place, releasing energy for the cell processes
What is the function of ribosomes?
This is were proteins are made (protein synthesis)
What is a bacterial cell?
Bacteria have a different kind of cell structure from plant and animal cells. Bacteria cells have a cell membrane but don’t have a nucleus so they’re called prokaryotic cells.
What is the function of the flagellum?
Helps the sperm cell to travel to the egg
What is the use for microscopes?
A light microscope uses light to magnify objects. The greatest possible magnification using a light is about x2000. An electron microscope uses electrons to view an object. This makes it possible to magnify objects up to about x10 million. You can see the objects in cells more clearly and in far more detail with an electron microscope than with a light microscope.
What are the units relating to cells?
Milli 10 to the power of -3
Micro 10 to the power of -6
Nano 10 to the power of -9
Pico 10 to the power of -12
What specialised cells are adapted to their function?
Sperm cells - acrosome, mitochondria and a tail
Egg cells - nutrients in the cytoplasm, haploid nucleus and a cell membrane
Ciliated epithelial cells
