Topic 5 - Health, Disease and the Development of Medicines Flashcards
What is the health definiton from WHO?
A state of complete physical mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
What is a communicable diseases?
Diseases that can be spread between individuals
What is a noncommunicable disease?
A disease that can’t be transmitted between individuals
Give examples of pathogens?
Viruses, bacteria. fungi and protists
What type of pathogen is cholera?
Bacterium
What type of pathogen is tuberculosis?
Bacterium
What type of pathogen is Malaria?
Protist
What type of pathogen is Stomach Ulcers
Bacterium
What type of pathogen is Ebola?
Virus
What type of pathogen is chalara ash dieback?
Fungus
What are the symptoms of cholera?
Diarrhoea
What are the symptoms of tuberculosis?
Coughing and lung damage
What are the symptoms of malaria
Damage to red blood cells and liver
What are the symptoms of stomach ulcers
Stomach pain, nausea and vomitting
What are the symptoms of ebola/
Fever with bleeding
What are the symptoms of chalara ash dieback
Leaf loss and bark lesions
How does cholera spread?
Contaminated water sources
How does tuberculosis spread?
Through the air
How does malaria spread?
Mosquitoes (vectors)
How do stomach ulcers spread?
Oral transmission
How does ebol spread?
Bodily fluids
How does chalara ash dieback spread?
Carried through the air by the wind
How can tuberculosis be prevented?
Make infected people:
avoid public spaces
practise good hygiene
good ventilation
How can malaria be prevented?
Use of mosquito nets and insect repellent
How can chalara ash dieback be prevented?
Removing infected trees and replanting them
Restricting the import of movement of ash trees
Describe how the Ebola virus is spread and what can be done to prevent its spread?
It is spread through bodily liquids and it can be prevented by isolating infected individuals
Where can viruses reproduce?
Inside living cells
When does the life cycle of a virus start?
When it infects a new host cell
What is the lytic pathway?
Where the virus attaches itself to a host cell and injects its genetic material which uses proteins and enzymes in the cell to replicate its material
The viral components assemble and the host cell splits open
What is the lysogenic pathway?
The injected genetic material is incorporated into the genome of the cell therefore when the cell divides the genetic material gets replicated along with the host DNA, however, the virus is dormant and no new viruses are made
Eventually a trigger causes the viral genetic material to leave the genome and enter the lytic pathway
In the lytic pathway what does the virus use?
The proteins and enzymes
In the lysogenic pathway when does the genome replicate?
When the cell divides
Where does the genetic material go in the lysogenic pathway?
The host cells genome
Where does the genetic material go in the lytic pathway?
In the cytoplasm
What happens to the virus during the lysogenic pathway?
It remains dormant
When does lysogenic end?
A trigger
What is a trigger in the virus life cycle?
The presence of a chemical
How is chlamydia unique?
Although it is a bacterium it acts like a virus in which it can only reproduce inside host cells
What is chlamydia?
A bacterium
What can chlamydia result in?
Infertility
How can you reduce chlamydia spread?
Wearing condoms
Screening individuals