topic 5 -> diseases

Question 1

symbiosis

Answer 1

living together

Question 2

commensalism

Answer 2

one benefits, one unaffected

Question 3

mutualism

Answer 3

both benefit

Question 4

parasitism

Answer 4

one benefits, one suffers

Question 5

opportunism

Answer 5

• harmless until opportunity arises then becomes parasitic

Question 6

synergy

Answer 6

(+) = one organism HELPS another cause disease 
(-) = one PREVENTS other from causing disease

Question 7

what affects immunocompetence

Answer 7

• age (peak at puberty)
• genetics/ethnicity
• general health

Question 8

direct transmission

• def.
• ex,
• type of bacteria

Answer 8

• straight from one person to another
• ex, contact, respiratory droplets, kissing, bites, fecal matter*
• enveloped viruses, capsule forming bacteria

Question 9

indirect transmission types

Answer 9

• vehicles -> contaminated food, water, air
• fomites -> inanimate objects
• vectors -> living organisms (not diseased)
• zoonoses -> disease of animals (animals not vectors since their diseased)

Question 10

reservoirs

Answer 10

holds pathogen between infection

- ex, vectors, fomites, sometimes vehicles

Question 11

stages of disease

Answer 11

• incubation (no symptoms - adjustment period)
• prodromal (first vague symptoms - fever, malaise (lack of energy or appetitive), fatigue, anorexia, etc)
• acute or “illness” (recognizable, sever symptoms - vomiting or rash)
• decline (recognizable symptoms (still there) become less severe or frequent
• convalescence (recognizable symptoms gone, damage still present, strength/stamina diminished, vague symptoms again)

Question 12

acute disease

Answer 12

• rapid onset (short incubation & prodromal)
• severe symptoms & rapid recovery
• crisis point -> peak
• ex, stomach flu

Question 13

chronic disease

Answer 13

• delayed onset
• less severe
• no crisis point
• prolonged recovery

Question 14

primary disease

Answer 14

occurs in healthy individuals

Question 15

secondary disease

Answer 15

• follows another disease due to immunocompromised host

- ex, pneumonia from flu

Question 16

sequelae

Answer 16

• same pathogen causing symptoms in another location

- secondary disease

Question 17

nosocomial infections

Answer 17

type of secondary infection aquired in healthcare setting

• MRSA -> methicillin-resistant staph. aureus
• VRE - vancomycin-resistant enterococcus
• C. Dif - clostridium difficule

Question 18

local infection

Answer 18

pathogen remains at portal of entry

may be internal “surface” - lungs & intestines

Question 19

systemic infection

Answer 19

spread through system or body

Question 20

septicemia

• def.
• types

Answer 20

blood infection

- bacteremia, viremia, fungemia

Question 21

focal infection

Answer 21

internal sire of further spread

Question 22

endemic

Answer 22

stable, predictable levels

Question 23

pandemic

Answer 23

epidemic spread on 2 contents or more

Question 24

epidemic

Answer 24

“out break”