topic 3b - viruses & cancer

Question 1

animal virus options: lytic

Answer 1

lytic -> immediately replicates cells then loses cell wall to release new cells

Question 2

animal virus options: lysogenic

Answer 2

doesn’t immediately replicate (waits for trigger)

Question 3

animal virus options: what are the different lysogenic subcategories? what do they do?

Answer 3

• latent -> triggered later- persistent -> continuous release - cell doesn’t die immediately it continues as normal to spread disease more - tumor formation (cancer) -> oncogene activation

Question 4

what is the viral connection to cancer?

Answer 4

viruses can lead to tumor formation and eventually cancer- uncontrolled cellular reproduction/survival -> some inserted viruses seem to activate protooncogenes or act as oncogenes

Question 5

cancer is a result of:

Answer 5

genetic changes that disrupt normal controls on cell reproduction & behavior (cell do not kill themselves)

Question 6

at least _____ mutations are needed to change status of gene

Answer 6

2

Question 7

usually ________ (pre-existing) converted to ______ by ______

Answer 7

prooncogene
oncogene
mutation

Question 8

oncogenes

Answer 8

contribute to abnormal cell behavior

Question 9

human papilloma virus

Answer 9

genital warts & cervical cancer

Question 10

hep. B & C

Answer 10

liver cancer

Question 11

human herpesvirus 4

Answer 11

(co infection w/ malaria) = burkitt’s lymphoma

Question 12

human herpesvirus 8

Answer 12

(co-infection w/ HIV-1) = kaposi’s sacroma

Question 13

what are the 4 common oncogenes

Answer 13

• tumor suppressor genes - apoptosis - angiogenesis - metastasis

Question 14

tumor suppressor gene - usually on or off? - turned ____ causes cancer - function (normally)

Answer 14

• usually on - turned off causes cancer - function -> inhibit mitosis in abnormal cells

Question 15

apoptosis - usually on or off? - turned ____ causes cancer - function (normally)

Answer 15

• usually on - turned off causes cancer - function -> causes abnormal cells to commit suicide

Question 16

angiogenesis - usually on or off? - turned ____ causes cancer - function (normally)

Answer 16

• usually off - turned on causes cancer - function -> growth of new blood vessels into mass of new cells - feeds tumor

Question 17

metastasis - usually on or off? - turned ____ causes cancer - function (normally)

Answer 17

• usually off- turned on causes cancer - function -> separation and spread of cells

Question 18

need at least _____ of these “flipped” to abnormal to develop cancerous cells (with 2 mutations in each to make a total of _____ mutation or changes.)

Answer 18

2

4

Question 19

benign

Answer 19

confined mass of abnormal cells w/ few signs of abnormal behavior

Question 20

malignant

Answer 20

spreading mass of cells w/ multiple abnormal characteristics (by metastasis)