Topic 3a - bacterial structure & function Flashcards
what are the required parts in bacteria
- cell membrane
- cytoplasm
- ribosome
- genome
- cell wall
cell membrane
- structure/description
- function
- phospholipid bilayer
- regulates entry & exit into cell
cytoplasm
- structure/description
- function
- liquid in cell
- solvent for chem. reactions
genome
- structure/description
- function
- DNA double helix circle (nucleoid region)
- DNA to create organism
ribosome
- structure/description
- function
- 70s small
- protein production
what in the genome can be attacked by drugs
DNA gyrase
- enzyme that helps coil/uncoil genome circle to use DNA
- prevents DNA from being used
cell wall - peptidoglycan
- structure/description
- function
- alternating NAM & NAG sugar molecules held together by tetra peptides
plasmids
- structure/description
- function
- small DNA segments
- give bacteria new capabilities
r plasmids
- function
- mechanisms
resistance to anitbodies
mechanisms:
- efflux pump -> pumps out drug
- enzymes -> breakdown drug
- enzymes -> change drug
f plasmid
fertility gene
- initiates conjunction w/ partner
virulence plasmids (t plasmids)
toxin plasmid
- toxin impacts HOST body
bacteriocin plasmid
production of proteins that kill OTHER bacteria
sex pili
- structure/description
- function
- hairlike contracting structure made of tubular protein
- connects cells and allows for DNA transfer
fimbriae
- structure/description
- function
- short & numerous hairlike structures made of pilin protein
- adhesion
flagella
- structure/description
- function
- hairlike structure made of flagellin protein
- motility
flagellum rotates counter clockwise to move ______ and clockwise to move ______
- counter = straight (runs)
- clockwise = tumble/spin (move direction)
lophotrichous flagella
- tuft or tassel at one end of cell
monotrichous flagella
one flagellum
peritrichous flagella
flagella surrounding cell
amphitrichous (polar) flagella
flagella on both ends of cell
glycocalyx is a
mucoid coating
glycocalyx types and there
- structure/description
- function
- slime layer -> loose, fluffy
- capsule -> dense, thick
- biofilm -> shared layer over many cells
- function: increased pathogenicity & helps with survival
endospores
- structure/description
- function
- spore coat made by proteins & peptidoglycan
- made inside cell
- helps bacteria stick & survive different environments
sporulation process
occurs during harsh conditions
- water removed
- dipicolinic acid added for heat stability
- metabolic dormancy occurs
germination process
occurs in favorable conditions
- water enters
- spore coat loosens
- cell becomes metabolically active and lengthens to normal size
endospores allow the cell to survive what conditions
- drying
- lack of nutrients
- heat
- harsh chemicals
what are the drug targets in bacteria
- cell wall
- genome
- ribosomes
folic acid
- not made in our cells but needed for DNA and RNA production
mycoplasma
- no cell wall
- transmitted easier
- cant survive outside body
- causes “walking” pneumonia
rickettsia causes
rocky mountain spotted fever
chlamydia causes
eye or venereal disease
rickettsia & chlamydia both …
replicate only inside host cell then burst out to infect new cells
- take longer to kill with antibiotics
spirochaetes
- appearance/function
- types & what they cause
huge spirals
- can move through tissue (corkscrew)
- borrelia = lyme disease
- treponema = syphilis
archea
- bacteria?
- composition
- creates
- cause human disease?
- important because
- not bacteria
- cell wall has no peptidoglycan - protein instead
- creates methane
- no human disease
- “new” source of antibiotics humans can use
what is the process in which bacteria reproduce
binary fission
- cell splits in two
- genome copied
- cell elongates
- new cell wall & membrane created
bacteria growth curve
- lag phase
- exponential growth phase
- max stationary phase
- exponential death phase
- minimum stationary phase
- cell grows slowly while adapting to enviro
- doubling
- carrying capacity reached (max # of cells that enviro can hold)
- halving
- all cells die
