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Micro final > Topic 3a - bacterial structure & function > Flashcards

Topic 3a - bacterial structure & function Flashcards

1
Q

what are the required parts in bacteria

A
  • cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • ribosome
  • genome
  • cell wall
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2
Q

cell membrane

  • structure/description
  • function
A
  • phospholipid bilayer

- regulates entry & exit into cell

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3
Q

cytoplasm

  • structure/description
  • function
A
  • liquid in cell

- solvent for chem. reactions

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4
Q

genome

  • structure/description
  • function
A
  • DNA double helix circle (nucleoid region)

- DNA to create organism

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5
Q

ribosome

  • structure/description
  • function
A
  • 70s small

- protein production

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6
Q

what in the genome can be attacked by drugs

A

DNA gyrase

  • enzyme that helps coil/uncoil genome circle to use DNA
  • prevents DNA from being used
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7
Q

cell wall - peptidoglycan

  • structure/description
  • function
A
  • alternating NAM & NAG sugar molecules held together by tetra peptides
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8
Q

plasmids

  • structure/description
  • function
A
  • small DNA segments

- give bacteria new capabilities

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9
Q

r plasmids

  • function
  • mechanisms
A

resistance to anitbodies

mechanisms:
- efflux pump -> pumps out drug
- enzymes -> breakdown drug
- enzymes -> change drug

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10
Q

f plasmid

A

fertility gene

- initiates conjunction w/ partner

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11
Q

virulence plasmids (t plasmids)

A

toxin plasmid

- toxin impacts HOST body

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12
Q

bacteriocin plasmid

A

production of proteins that kill OTHER bacteria

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13
Q

sex pili

  • structure/description
  • function
A
  • hairlike contracting structure made of tubular protein

- connects cells and allows for DNA transfer

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14
Q

fimbriae

  • structure/description
  • function
A
  • short & numerous hairlike structures made of pilin protein

- adhesion

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15
Q

flagella

  • structure/description
  • function
A
  • hairlike structure made of flagellin protein

- motility

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16
Q

flagellum rotates counter clockwise to move ______ and clockwise to move ______

A
  • counter = straight (runs)

- clockwise = tumble/spin (move direction)

17
Q

lophotrichous flagella

A
  • tuft or tassel at one end of cell
18
Q

monotrichous flagella

A

one flagellum

19
Q

peritrichous flagella

A

flagella surrounding cell

20
Q

amphitrichous (polar) flagella

A

flagella on both ends of cell

21
Q

glycocalyx is a

A

mucoid coating

22
Q

glycocalyx types and there

  • structure/description
  • function
A
  • slime layer -> loose, fluffy
  • capsule -> dense, thick
  • biofilm -> shared layer over many cells
  • function: increased pathogenicity & helps with survival
23
Q

endospores

  • structure/description
  • function
A
  • spore coat made by proteins & peptidoglycan
  • made inside cell
  • helps bacteria stick & survive different environments
24
Q

sporulation process

A

occurs during harsh conditions

  • water removed
  • dipicolinic acid added for heat stability
  • metabolic dormancy occurs
25
Q

germination process

A

occurs in favorable conditions

  • water enters
  • spore coat loosens
  • cell becomes metabolically active and lengthens to normal size
26
Q

endospores allow the cell to survive what conditions

A
  • drying
  • lack of nutrients
  • heat
  • harsh chemicals
27
Q

what are the drug targets in bacteria

A
  • cell wall
  • genome
  • ribosomes
28
Q

folic acid

A
  • not made in our cells but needed for DNA and RNA production
29
Q

mycoplasma

A
  • no cell wall
  • transmitted easier
  • cant survive outside body
  • causes “walking” pneumonia
30
Q

rickettsia causes

A

rocky mountain spotted fever

31
Q

chlamydia causes

A

eye or venereal disease

32
Q

rickettsia & chlamydia both …

A

replicate only inside host cell then burst out to infect new cells
- take longer to kill with antibiotics

33
Q

spirochaetes

  • appearance/function
  • types & what they cause
A

huge spirals

  • can move through tissue (corkscrew)
  • borrelia = lyme disease
  • treponema = syphilis
34
Q

archea

  • bacteria?
  • composition
  • creates
  • cause human disease?
  • important because
A
  • not bacteria
  • cell wall has no peptidoglycan - protein instead
  • creates methane
  • no human disease
  • “new” source of antibiotics humans can use
35
Q

what is the process in which bacteria reproduce

A

binary fission

  • cell splits in two
  • genome copied
  • cell elongates
  • new cell wall & membrane created
36
Q

bacteria growth curve

  • lag phase
  • exponential growth phase
  • max stationary phase
  • exponential death phase
  • minimum stationary phase
A
  • cell grows slowly while adapting to enviro
  • doubling
  • carrying capacity reached (max # of cells that enviro can hold)
  • halving
  • all cells die

Micro final (9 decks)

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