topic 5

Question 1

to what is visual info needed proportional to?

Answer 1

to the amount of hearing lost by the HL
(directly proportional)

Question 2

Visual communication consists of:

Answer 2

Oral communication and Manual communication

Question 3

Whats the difference between these 2 types of communication?

Answer 3

Oral communication is when the receiver has to focus on the speakers’ mouth, facial expressions and other visual cues like hand movements.
All these cues are integrated to help the receiver perceive the message. Its not a language system

Manual communication is when the reciever and speaker use a language system that they both know and understand to communicate with each other fully. The language just consists of the specific signs representing a message.

Question 4

What is the similarities between lipreading and speechreading?

Answer 4

They are both oral communication

Question 5

Difference between lipreading and speechreading?

Answer 5

Lipreading= use visual cues from the speakers’ mouth to recognise speech by paying attention to phonetic cues (if the mouth represents individual speech sounds.
The degree of skill depends on person’s age, onset of hearing loss, certain cognitive abilities and willingness to guess

Speech reading is using visual cues from the person’s mouth, facial expressions and environmental cues to perceive the message. Needs audio-visual integration skills

Question 6

What cognitive skills are needed for lipreading?

Answer 6

Working memory
visual word decoding
lexical identification
phonological processing

Question 7

Factors influencing lipreading?

Answer 7

-rapidity of speech- can be difficult to perceive if reciever is fatigued or if the speaker’s articulation style is different

-Coarticulation and stress- the same sound/word will need to look different to convey the correct message
/you/ in WHAT did you do vs What did YOU do!
.
-visibility of sounds - consonant has limited visibility and a vowel also isnt very visible

-visemes and homophenes- individual sounds and words look the same on the face, thus difficult to distinguish

-individuality/ manner of how the speaker speaks

Question 8

Speechreading influencing factors

Answer 8

-talker
-message
-environment
-speechreader