Topic 5 Flashcards
How does population density change around the UK
Density is highest in cities and around cities
Upland areas such as northern scotland and central wales are rural and sparsely populated
How does economic activity change in urban cores
Urban cores have concentration of economic activity - 60% of jobs are found
Mainly tertiary sectors jobs
More jobs available so more people move to cities
How does economic activity change in rural areas
Fewer jobs
Primary idustry - farming, mining
Sometimes have seasonal tourism industry
Some areas have become commutor settlements - people live there and travel to work
Why do urban areas have younger populations
More younger people in big cities - people live closer to jobs so cities have more people of a working age
More old people in rural areas as they retire and move to a more peaceful environment
Why are some areas of the UK poor
Isolated areas of the UK are inaccessible - few employment opportunities and young people leave to find jobs. Depopulation means loss of services
Rural, former industrial areas has had high levels of unemployment and new jobs are not created
How can EU and UK government policies reduce inequalities
Enterprise zones: attract new companies and creates new jobs in poorer areas
Transport infrastructure to link cities to rural areas e.g HS2: promotes jobs in poorer areas
European Regional Development Fund: invests in rural area to attract companies e.g broadband in Cornwalls attracts tech companies and creates jobs
How is national migration distributed across UK
Most young national migrants to major cities: more jobs and universities
Counter urbanisation in major cities: wealthy move out of cities to get better quality of life
Older people move to rural areas to retire
How does migration effect age structure in UK
Age group populatio of young people increases
Increased birth rate: most are at child bearing age so population gets younger in this area
How has immigration changed the UK
Lots of immigration from India, Pakistan, Asia, Caribbean, Poland, Hungary
Moved to fill skills shortages in UK e.g IT
Bring languages, food, arts, festivals, fashion
How have job sectors changed
Since 1960 primary sectors have decreased: farming more mechanized, mining reduced due to competition
Secondary industry fell: more education and job opportunities
Tertiary sectors increased: more disposable income, more service opportunities
Quarternary industries increased: IT and technology improved, more IT graduates
How did Burnley decline
Textiles Industry collapsed
Mass unemployment: 65%
Low wages and low quality of life meant people moved out rather than in, little population growth
South Wales improvement
Industry declined - lead to mass unemployment
Improved transport links and attracted businesses
Cheap land meant businesses invested
Lots of high skilled tech companies
Wealth increases so more jobs created
What is FDI in the UK
Companies can buy land and build factories or offices
Companies can buy existing businesses
FDI increases mainly due to TNCs
How is FDI increasing in the UK
Globalisation: better transport and communications attract companies
Privatisation: services bought by private firms to merge with company, e.g scottish power owned by spanish Iberdrola company
Free trade: reduced import and export restrictions: increases FDI because companies can move goods between UK and home country easily
Positives of TNCs on UK economy
Jobs created
Large scale projects are payed for e.g offshore wind turbines
Can lead the way in developing new products and technology to increase productivity
Negatives of TNCs on UK economy
Over reliance, can make UK economy vulnerable
Big effects if TNCs move, farmers may rely on companies to sell produce
Local businesses struggle to compete
London site, situation, connectivity
Flat floodplain of Thames
Contributes 20% of UK economy
Transport links: shipping, international airports, channel tunnel
Global financial centre: home to many national banks
How does migration change London
International migration, national migration, internal population growth increase population
Inner city has highest rate of population change: wealthy moving to work in skilled jobs, poor migrants moving for service jobs
Lots of migrants move to suburbs after settling in
How does migration effect character of the city
Younger population
Ethnic diversity increases
Population growth: birth rates
Services are needed in poorer areas e.g more education and healthcare in Newham
Culturally diverse: people of same ethncity clump together
How do services effect equality
Rapid population growth puts pressure on services
E.g health and education
Councils get less money
How does education effect equality
Best state schools oversubscribed
Wealthy parents can send children to fee-paying schools
Many poorer children go to bad state schools which increases cycle of poverty as they have a lack of education
How did the decline in secondary sector jobs effect equality
Fewer manufacture jobs in inner city
25%+ of londons population are in poverty due to unemployment or low wages
How does health effect equality
Bad lifestyles are common in deprived areas
NHS is free but services are overwhelmed
How has the inner city declined
Deindustrialisation caused unemployment
Suburbanisation caused depopulation
Decentralisation: shops and businesses move out of the CBD
Growth of e-commerce meant high street shops lose business and this causes unemployment
