Topic 5

Question 1

How does population density change around the UK

Answer 1

Density is highest in cities and around cities

Upland areas such as northern scotland and central wales are rural and sparsely populated

Question 2

How does economic activity change in urban cores

Answer 2

Urban cores have concentration of economic activity - 60% of jobs are found
Mainly tertiary sectors jobs
More jobs available so more people move to cities

Question 3

How does economic activity change in rural areas

Answer 3

Fewer jobs
Primary idustry - farming, mining
Sometimes have seasonal tourism industry
Some areas have become commutor settlements - people live there and travel to work

Question 4

Why do urban areas have younger populations

Answer 4

More younger people in big cities - people live closer to jobs so cities have more people of a working age
More old people in rural areas as they retire and move to a more peaceful environment

Question 5

Why are some areas of the UK poor

Answer 5

Isolated areas of the UK are inaccessible - few employment opportunities and young people leave to find jobs. Depopulation means loss of services
Rural, former industrial areas has had high levels of unemployment and new jobs are not created

Question 6

How can EU and UK government policies reduce inequalities

Answer 6

Enterprise zones: attract new companies and creates new jobs in poorer areas
Transport infrastructure to link cities to rural areas e.g HS2: promotes jobs in poorer areas
European Regional Development Fund: invests in rural area to attract companies e.g broadband in Cornwalls attracts tech companies and creates jobs

Question 7

How is national migration distributed across UK

Answer 7

Most young national migrants to major cities: more jobs and universities
Counter urbanisation in major cities: wealthy move out of cities to get better quality of life
Older people move to rural areas to retire

Question 8

How does migration effect age structure in UK

Answer 8

Age group populatio of young people increases

Increased birth rate: most are at child bearing age so population gets younger in this area

Question 9

How has immigration changed the UK

Answer 9

Lots of immigration from India, Pakistan, Asia, Caribbean, Poland, Hungary
Moved to fill skills shortages in UK e.g IT
Bring languages, food, arts, festivals, fashion

Question 10

How have job sectors changed

Answer 10

Since 1960 primary sectors have decreased: farming more mechanized, mining reduced due to competition
Secondary industry fell: more education and job opportunities
Tertiary sectors increased: more disposable income, more service opportunities
Quarternary industries increased: IT and technology improved, more IT graduates

Question 11

How did Burnley decline

Answer 11

Textiles Industry collapsed
Mass unemployment: 65%
Low wages and low quality of life meant people moved out rather than in, little population growth

Question 12

South Wales improvement

Answer 12

Industry declined - lead to mass unemployment
Improved transport links and attracted businesses
Cheap land meant businesses invested
Lots of high skilled tech companies
Wealth increases so more jobs created

Question 13

What is FDI in the UK

Answer 13

Companies can buy land and build factories or offices
Companies can buy existing businesses
FDI increases mainly due to TNCs

Question 14

How is FDI increasing in the UK

Answer 14

Globalisation: better transport and communications attract companies
Privatisation: services bought by private firms to merge with company, e.g scottish power owned by spanish Iberdrola company
Free trade: reduced import and export restrictions: increases FDI because companies can move goods between UK and home country easily

Question 15

Positives of TNCs on UK economy

Answer 15

Jobs created
Large scale projects are payed for e.g offshore wind turbines
Can lead the way in developing new products and technology to increase productivity

Question 16

Negatives of TNCs on UK economy

Answer 16

Over reliance, can make UK economy vulnerable
Big effects if TNCs move, farmers may rely on companies to sell produce
Local businesses struggle to compete

Question 17

London site, situation, connectivity

Answer 17

Flat floodplain of Thames
Contributes 20% of UK economy
Transport links: shipping, international airports, channel tunnel
Global financial centre: home to many national banks

Question 18

How does migration change London

Answer 18

International migration, national migration, internal population growth increase population
Inner city has highest rate of population change: wealthy moving to work in skilled jobs, poor migrants moving for service jobs
Lots of migrants move to suburbs after settling in

Question 19

How does migration effect character of the city

Answer 19

Younger population
Ethnic diversity increases
Population growth: birth rates
Services are needed in poorer areas e.g more education and healthcare in Newham
Culturally diverse: people of same ethncity clump together

Question 20

How do services effect equality

Answer 20

Rapid population growth puts pressure on services
E.g health and education
Councils get less money

Question 21

How does education effect equality

Answer 21

Best state schools oversubscribed
Wealthy parents can send children to fee-paying schools
Many poorer children go to bad state schools which increases cycle of poverty as they have a lack of education

Question 22

How did the decline in secondary sector jobs effect equality

Answer 22

Fewer manufacture jobs in inner city

25%+ of londons population are in poverty due to unemployment or low wages

Question 23

How does health effect equality

Answer 23

Bad lifestyles are common in deprived areas

NHS is free but services are overwhelmed

Question 24

How has the inner city declined

Answer 24

Deindustrialisation caused unemployment
Suburbanisation caused depopulation
Decentralisation: shops and businesses move out of the CBD
Growth of e-commerce meant high street shops lose business and this causes unemployment

Question 25

How have the rural urban fringe and inner city seen economic growth

Answer 25

Financial business and TNC investment: FDI
Gentrification and studentification: more jobs and money spent
Urban sprawl: shopping centres ( blue water ) and business parks built in rural areas, more jobs
Leisure and culture: investment in poorer areas ( east end ), more transport links, new jobs

Question 26

Sustainable strategies for urban living

Answer 26

Employment: more jobs reduces poverty and increases economic sustainability
Recycling: fewer resources used for next generation
Green spaces: environmental benefits, london has 40% green space
Transport: noise and air pollution reduced by: congestion charge, electric buses, boris bikes
Housing: BedZed sustainable community, house save as much energy as possible

Question 27

How is london interdependant on rural areas for labour

Answer 27

People commute to london from rural areas

Students and young people move into London for jobs and entertainment

Question 28

How is london interdependant on rural areas for goods

Answer 28

London gets food from rural areas, farmers sell food in supermarkets
Rural people travel to london to shop

Question 29

How is london interdependant on rural areas for services

Answer 29

London has good hospitals and schools - people from rural areas travel to use them
Londoners travel to rural areas for leisure activities

Question 30

Positives of interdependance

Answer 30

Businesses in rural areas have seen increase in business
Farmers make money from selling land or buildings
Less pressure on housingnin London

Question 31

Costs of interdependance

Answer 31

Rural villages have become commutor settlements - they are empty during the day which can send the area into decline
New housing built in countryside which affects habitats
Commuting has increased air pollution and congestion

Question 32

Changes on rural areas from interdependance

Answer 32

E.g Seven Oaks
Counterurbanisation has meant that more pressure is put on housing
Older people moving into rural areas and younger people leaving creates older population
Increased demand for leisure and recreation services as numbers of wealthy londoners increase

Question 33

How is employment a challenge for rural areas

Answer 33

Deprivation of jobs concentrated in small areas

Increased use of technology decreases jobs available in agriculture

Question 34

How is health care and education a challenge for rural areas

Answer 34

Older populations need more nursing homes
GP surgeries can close due to lack of use
Closing schools due to lack of pupils
Elderly cannot reach specialist health care
Pupils must travel further to go to school

Question 35

How is housing a challenge for rural areas

Answer 35

Housing prices are much higher that average

Challenge in affordable housing for young people

Question 36

How are farmers increasing income

Answer 36

Farm shops
Accomodation
Leisure activities

Question 37

Environmental impacts of farmshops

Answer 37

Land can still be farmed

More varieties of crops are grown

Question 38

Environmental impacts of accomodation in rural areas

Answer 38

Eyesores

Environmental pressure: increase use of energy and water, increased waste

Question 39

Environmental impacts of leisure activities in rural areas

Answer 39

Can cause air pollution as people travel to reach the facilities