Geography That I Didnt Know: coasts

Question 1

What is the most important factor affecting the coastal landscape

Answer 1

Erosion

Question 2

Identify 3 geological factors that affect coastal landscapes

Answer 2

Rock type: what type of rock makes up the landscape and how resistant it is
Joints: small vertical cracks in the rock
Faults: larger cracks caused by previous tectonic activity

Question 3

What is the difference between rock type and structure

Answer 3

Rock type refers to the kind of rock it is and what materials or elements it’s made up of, rock structure refers to how resistant it is to erosion

Question 4

What are sub arial processes

Answer 4

Sub arial processes are land based processes that altar the shape of the coastline. They are a combination of weathering and mass movement. An example is rotational slumping and freeze thaw weathering

Question 5

How do spits form

Answer 5

Sand and shingle is transported by long shore drift to a bend or the end of a coastline and deposits it there, this continues to happen and the sediment builds up and extends ojt frommthe coastline to form a sheltered area. Prevailing wind blowing in the opposite direction starts to bend the forming spit. The spit widens from deposition until plants can grow there as well

Question 6

How has industry affected the coast

Answer 6

Example Easington bas works ( Holderness coast )
Direct:
Weight of gas works id causing rotational slumping on cliff
Pollution of water, air and noise
Dredging sand to build up height of works
Indirect:
Increased height of waves

Question 7

How has agriculture affected the coast

Answer 7

Direct: 
Decision made to not protect farms
Ploughing exposes soil and rock ( rotational slumping ) 
Indirect: 
Eroding 2m a year

Question 8

Coastal management affecting coasts

Answer 8

Example: Mappleton and Great Cowden on Holderness coast
Direct:
Coastal defences have been built at Mappleton, slows erosion
Indirect:
Sped up erosion at Great Cowden

Question 9

Development affecting the coastline

Answer 9

Direct: 
Building harbours
Indirect:
Harbours badly affect stability of cliffs, collapsed more
Runoff has polluted water

Question 10

How has industry affected the coast

Answer 10

Example Easington bas works ( Holderness coast )
Direct:
Weight of gas works id causing rotational slumping on cliff
Pollution of water, air and noise
Dredging sand to build up height of works
Indirect:
Increased height of waves

Question 11

How has agriculture affected the coast

Answer 11

Direct: 
Decision made to not protect farms
Ploughing exposes soil and rock ( rotational slumping ) 
Indirect: 
Eroding 2m a year

Question 12

Coastal management affecting coasts

Answer 12

Example: Mappleton and Great Cowden on Holderness coast
Direct:
Coastal defences have been built at Mappleton, slows erosion
Indirect:
Sped up erosion at Great Cowden

Question 13

Development affecting the coastline

Answer 13

Direct: 
Building harbours
Indirect:
Harbours badly affect stability of cliffs, collapsed more
Runoff has polluted water

Question 14

Benefits and drawbacks of groynes

Answer 14

Good:
Cheap, creates bigger beaches for tourists
Bad:
Prevent beach walks, ugly, can starve other beaches

Question 15

Benefits and drawbacks of sea walls

Answer 15

Good:
Long term protection, provide prominade walkway
Bad:
Expensive ( 5 mil per km ), ugly, hard to get on beach

Question 16

Benefits and drawbacks of beach nourishment

Answer 16

Good:
Looks natural, attracts tourists, cheap, doesn’t effect erosion down the coast
Bad: replacement of sediment is often needed, winter storms transport sediment away

Question 17

Benefits and drawbacks of slope stabilisation

Answer 17

Good:
Dont interfere with coastal processes ( LSD ), doesnt increase erosion downstream, safer for beach users
Bad: difficult to install