Topic 4b: Microbial Diversity Flashcards
what are phototrophic bact
chlorophyll based
phylum cyanobact
oxygenic (PS I and II); use E of light to make org compounds
–have thylakoid mems and carboxysomes (have intermol struct where photosynth occurs)
co2 fixers
not all phototrophic
g neg
blue/green algae
most obligate photolithotophs (water = e donor)
-may use gas vacuoles to locate in water (to get to right dist from light)
-or gliding motility or ligh sensory organs
-many = N fixers
why are cyanobact imp
do ab 1/3 of all co2 fixation
have biofuel potential
purple sulfur bact
anaerobe, usu photolithoautotrophs
-use H2S = e D (litho)
–gets fully ox’d to S stored in granules
-fix co2 (auto)
PSII
split into chromatiacaea (sulfur granules internal to cell) and extothiorhodospiraceae (sulfur granules externally stored)
purple non sulfur bact
more w protobact
phylogenetically and metabolically diverse
usu photoheterotrophs
-can use C from organis as e source and other things
anoxygenic photosynthesis
PSII
*dif than sulf bact based on mems where photosynth happens
–no xtra photosynth mems (doing it all in PM)
chloroboi
green sulf bact
anoxygenic phototrophs
obligate anaerobic photolithoautotrophs
e D = H2S, elemental sulfur, hydrogen
sulfur granules external to cell (like purp)
have organelles (struct that contains their photosynth)
–chlorosome (contains photosyn pigments)
PSI
-can use gas vesicle to position selves
have diverse morphology
proteobact
g neg
diverse morph
photoautotrophs, chemolithotrophs, chemoheterotrophs
5 classes
alpha proteo
most abundant bact in oceans
oligotroph - can live on low nuts
what are the 2 orders of alphaproteo
rickettsiales
-g neg
-parasitic or mutualistic
-lack glycolytic pathways (get away w this bc para/mut t/f rely on s/o else to get food)
-have tca cycle
-cause typhus (affected napoleon)
Rhizobiales:
-fix N and grow symb w plants
-agrobact (plant pathogen)
-brucella (animal pathogen)
beta proteo
Chemoheterotrophs, photolithotrophs, chemolithotrophs
2 orders of beta proteo
Neisseriales:
-non motiles, aerobic, g neg
-causes meningitus (inflammation to brain)
-causes gonnorhea (STI w antibiotic resisyance)
Burkholderiales
-includes Bordetella (mammal parasite, causes pertusssis)
gamma proteo
physiologically diverse
4 main orders (legionellales, pseudomonadales, enterobacteriales, vibrionales)
g proteo - legionellales
intracellular pathogens w dimorphic lifestyles (2 cell types)
-can form highly infectious cysts called mature intracellular forms (MIFs)
–causes pnemonia
g proteo - pseudomonadales
use entner-doudoroff
can use p. aeruginosa to study biofilms
-obligate respirer (use ETC); internal e A varies
-opportunistic pathogen, cystic fibrosis
-can degrade polyaromatic hydrocarbons
photorhabdus luminescens
-angels glow (better prognosis)
-nemotoad and bact = mutualistic and toxins to break insects made wounds cleaner
endo v exo toxin
endo - LPS (on surface of cell)
exo - made and secreted (create toxin and pumped into env)
g proteo - enterobacteriales
use embden myerhoff
divided in ferm prods
-mixed acid or butanediol (ethanol and co2; less acidic)
common = e coli, salmonella, shigella, klebsiella, yersinia
what caused plague/black death
yersinia pestis (g proteobact - entero)
get enlarged lymph nodes
detah 3-5 days
g proteo - vibrionales
g neg, fac anaerobes
cholera
-diarrhea, water/food borne
-use die from dehyd
-john snow (epidemiology - study of numbers w disease)
-bact enters cell, efflux Cl which go outside and release water to balance (exotoxin secreted into env which causes symptoms)
delta proteo
chemoorganotrophs
anaerobic sulfur or sulfate reducing bact (imp for S cycle)
bdellovibrionales - can act as predator
epsilon proteo
g neg
2 pathogens = camplybacter and helicobacter (can cause alcers)
Spirochaetes
g neg
chemoheterotrophs
anearob/ fac anaer, or aerobes
causes lyme disease and syphilis
move w flagella, anchored and tucked in bw mems (rotates like corkscrew)
–can evade IS bc flagella protected by sheath (outer sheath foes not have LPS which is usu target)
more ab stds/syphilis
spirochaete
no tca or ox phos t/f imports ATP
intracellular parasite affecting CNS and cardiovasc syst
penicillan to treat
Tuskgee exp
bacteriodetes
class bacteroides = imp
-common in gut
-anaer chemoheterotroph
-g neg, non spore forming
-dont reduce S
Chlamydiae
obligate intracellular parasite (need host to survive bc have small genome now cant do glycolysis/make atp)
g neg
non motile cocci
has 2 dif life forms (elemental body = smaller, denser, met inert inside host; once in cell, stim’d and do binary fission)
