Topic 4b: Euk microbes Flashcards
what tells us bact/euk are endosymbiont
E producing organelles
-have own genes and can do transcription, translation, rep (sim to bact)
what is secondary embosymbiosis
euk cell now engulfin another euk cell
what is primary symbiosis
have ancestral euk cell w nucleus
what are protists
both photo and nonphototrophs
phylog diverse
any euk microbe that is not plant, animal, fungi
what are excavata - diplomonas and parabasalids
unicellular, flagellated protists that lack mitoch and chloroplasts
live in anoxic env symbiotically or as parasites
dip = 2 nuclei and mitosomes
para = have parabasal body where gogli complex assoc’d w flagella (have hydrogenosomes)
what are hydrogenosomes
replaced mitoch in parabasilids for anaer met
like a reduced mitoch, not tca
used for ferm met
what are kinoplastids (excavata)
contain kineoplast (mass of dna in single mitoch); mod’d organelle
still have nucleus
mostly aquatic
related to african sleeping sickness (tryanosoma brucei) which is chronic and invaes cns
what are euglids (excavata)
non pathogenic
chemotropic and phototrophic
always aqautic (have flagella allowing them to move in water and change bw light and dark env)
feed via pgaocytosis
what are alveolates
have alveoli (cytoplasmic sacs)
3 grps: ciliates, dinoflagellates, apicomplexans
ciliates (alv)
have cilia
for motility and foraging
2 kinds of nuclei
1) micro - hold all genes resp for sex reprod
2) macro - contain all genes resp for basic cell functions
sex reprod like conjugation
what are dinoflagellates (alv)
marine and freshwater phototrophs
flagella encircle cell causing it to spin
ex) Gonyaulax (cause red tide; biolum)
what are apicomplexans (alv) (and apicoplasts)
non phototrophic obligate parasites
non motile adults take up nuts across mem
contain apicoplasts (unique organelles//degenerate chloroplasts lacking pigments but retaining some genes)
malaria and toxopasmosis
toxoplasma gondii (alv, apic)
intracellular parasite w wide host specificty
what are stramenophiles
chemoorganotrophs and phototrophs
flagella have short-hair like extensions
major grps = diatoms, oomycetes, golden algae, brown algae
Diatoms (stram)
big part of plankton
surrounded by silica cell wall (exoskeleton liek)
prod/fix lots of organic carbon in ocean
oomycetes (stram)
water molds displaying filamentous growth and coenocytic (multinucleated) hyphae
cell wall = cellulose
cells are flagellated
green and brown algae (stram)
golden - unicell, marine and freshwater phototrophs (some chemoorganotrophs); most have 2 flagella for motility
brown - multicell, marine; also phototrophs
what are amoebozoa
move and feed using pseudopods
grps = gymnamoebas, entamoebes, plasmodial and cellular slime molds
gymnamoebes (amoeb)
free living in aquatic and soil env
move via pseudopods
feed via phagocytosis
slime molds (amoeb)
motile
Can enter vegetative state (normal cell division) followed by spore like state (differentiation) then can germinate
plasmodial (acellular or cellular) can create multicell org
what are fungi
not protists
imp for breakdown of organic compounds
have economic and research impact (genetics)
what are the general features of fungi (6)
1.usu aerobic, chemoorganotrophs
2.secrete enz to breakdown macromols
3.most form hyphae (form network, 4.mycillium/mycorrhizae)
5.cell walls made of chitin
6.can also be parasitic w plants and animals
how do fungi reprod
asex
-grow hyphal filaments
-prod spores
-cell division
sex
-prod sex spores by fusion of unicellular gametes or special hyphae or arise from fusion of 2 haploid cells (then meiosis/mitosis)
what are some features of glomeromycota
-mycorrhizal symbionts t/f not host specific
-grow mutualistically w plants
—fung takes nuts, plants provide carbs (organic)
features of ascomycota
-have saclike reprod struct
-able to break down many stable compounds (including lignin)
-good for studying genetics
features of basidomycota
-can break down lignin and cellulose
-mushrooms, toadstools
-asex and sex reprod (haploid becomes dikaryotic w fruiting body ready to create diploid form)
