Topic 4 - Respiration Flashcards
respiration
release of energy from sugar molecules (e.g. glucose)
EXOTHERMIC reaction
uses of energy from respiration
- muscle contraction
- maintaining body temperature
- moving substances around cell
metabolism
combination of all chemical reactions in an organism
aerobic respiration word equation
glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water
anaerobic respiration IN ANIMALS word equation
glucose —> lactic acid
anaerobic respiration IN PLANTS word equation
glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide
why do animals prefer aerobic respiration?
anaerobic respiration produces 6 ATP molecules, aerobic produces 32
lactic acid can damage cells and cause muscle aches
alveoli
tiny air sacs in the lungs
role of alveoli
- oxygen diffuses through alveoli into blood
- carbon dioxide diffuses from blood in capillaries into air in alveoli
adaptations of alveoli
- walls are 1 cell thick, short diffusion distance
- many of them = large surface area
- moist, allowing gases to diffuse easily
how is oxyhaemoglobin formed
from oxygen binding to heamoglobin
ventilation
process that consists of exhalation and inhalation
allows air to enter and leave the lungs
controlled by muscles that change the volume of the thorax
intercostal muscles during EXHALATION
relax
intercostal muscles during INHALATION
contraction
ribcage movement during EXHALATION
down & in
ribcage movement during INHALATION
up & out
volume of thorax in EXHALATION
decreases
volume of thorax in INHALATION
increases
pressure in thorax during EXHALATION
increases
pressure in thorax during INHALATION
decreases
Air during EXHALATION
forced out
Air during INHALATION
drawn in
