Topic 1 - The Nature & Variety of Living Organisms Flashcards

Question

Organs

Answer 1

Group of **different** tissues working together to carry out a specific function

Answer 2

Group of different organs working together to carry out a specific function

Answer 3

the process by which cells differentiate to become specialised

Answer 4

- Only contains half genetic material (haploid) - Flagellum -> allows sperm to swim - lots of mitochondria -> energy for swimming - digestive enzymes in head -> break a hole in egg

Answer 5

Unspecialised cells that divide by mitosis and differentiate to form specialised cells

Answer 6

can differentiate into any kind of cell, adults do not have these

Answer 7

found in the bone marrow can only differentiate into blood cells

Answer 8

found in meristems (roots and shoots)

Answer 9

1. extract embryonic stem cells from early embryos 2. grow them in a lab 3. stimulate differentiation 4. give them to patient to replace faulty cells

Answer 10

- limited supply, ethical issues (potential for human life) - rejection (body may reject foreign cells) - doesn't always work

Answer 11

Won't cause rejection as they can be taken from patient

Answer 12

- Can only differentiate into blood cells - Can only treat some conditions

Answer 13

virus transmission tumor development (mitosis too fast)

Answer 14

Biological Catalyst speeds up rate of reaction whilst remaining chemically unchanged large proteins made of amino acids

Answer 15

Part of enzyme with a unique shape complementary to a substrate

Answer 16

Substrate fits perfectly into Active Site, much like a key fitting into a lock

Answer 17

Active site changes shape slightly as it binds to substrate ACTIVE SITE IS COMPLEMENTARY TO SUBSTRATE

Answer 18

1. Equal volumes of detergent 2. apply same number of drops to each cloth 3. use unstained cloth as control 4. water bath with range of temperatures 5. measure time taken for each temperature to remove stain 6. repeat 3x 7. assess stain removal

Answer 19

Because they are softer on the skin and don't cause irritation/allergies

Answer 20

Temperature - more kinetic energy, successful collisions - at optimum temperature activity decreases (denaturation) - optimum temperature: optimum enzyme activity PH - denaturation occurs if PH is too high/low - optimum PH: optimum enzyme activity

Answer 21

1. test tube of starch solution in water bath of 0 degrees 2. Add amylase solution to test tube 3. Get a spotting tile with iodine in each well 4. Use pipette to drop mixture in first well 5. Every 10 seconds, drop solution into well 6. Do this until no colour change occurs 7. repeat in different temperatures

Answer 22

1. Test tube of starch solution in water bath of 30-40 degrees 2. Add amylase solution to test tube 3. Add buffer solution of set PH, keeping solution at set PH 4. Get spotting tile with iodine in each well 5. use pipette to drop solution into first well 6. Every 10 seconds add drop of solution 7. do this until colour change stops 8. repeat with buffer solutions of different PH

Answer 23

next movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Answer 24

concentration gradient temperature surface area diffusion distance

Answer 25

net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane, from an area of higher water potential to an area of lower water potential

Answer 26

net movement of particles from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration against the concentration gradient, requiring energy e.g. root hair cells absorbing water and minerals

Answer 27

small organisms have a **LARGE** surface area to volume ratio large organisms have a **SMALL** surface area to volume ratio

Answer 28

Large surface area thin (short diffusion distance) permeable strong concentration gradient