Topic 4 - Genetic information Flashcards
What are the properties of eukaryotic DNA ?
DNA molecules are very long, linear and compacted into chromosomes by histoness.
What are properties of eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplast DNA ?
DNA, Genes and Chromosomes
Shorter, circular DNA molecules with no histone proteins.
What are the properties of prokaryotic DNA ?
DNA, Genes and Chromosomes
DNA molecules (chromosomes) are circular and shorter with no histone proteins associated.
What is a gene ?
DNA, Genes and Chromosomes
A sequence of bases that code for an amino acid or a functional RNA.
What determines the order of amino acids in a polypeptide ?
DNA, Genes and Chromosomes
The order of bases in a gene.
What is a triplet ?
DNA, Genes and Chromosomes
3 bases in a gene which code for an amino acid.
What do introns code for ?
DNA, Genes and Chromosomes
Functional RNA
e.g. tRNA and rRNA.
What is a cell’s genome ?
DNA, Genes and Chromosomes
The complete set of genes in a cell.
What is a cell’s proteome ?
DNA, Genes and Chromosomes
The full range of proteins that the cell is able to produce.
How many genes code for 1 polypeptide ?
DNA, Genes and Chromosomes
One gene codes for one mRNA molecule, which codes for one polypeptide.
What are introns ?
DNA, Genes and Chromosomes
Sections of a gene that dont code for amino acids, instead they code for functional RNA.
What are exons ?
DNA, Genes and Chromosomes
All of the parts of a gene which code for a specific order of amino acids.
What happens to introns during protein synthesis ?
DNA, Genes and Chromosomes
They’re removed so they dont effect the order of amino acids.
What are non coding repeats ?
DNA, Genes and Chromosomes
regions of multiple repeats that do not code for amino acids. They are located between genes.
What are alleles ?
DNA, Genes and Chromosomes
Different forms of a gene