Topic 4: Eukaryotes Flashcards

Question

what is a heterotroph that only has amoeboid and no cell wall

Answer 1

slime moulds

Answer 2

movement with "false feet" -actin polymerizes and and depolymerizes to move

Answer 3

FUNGI! -heterotrophic, cell walls made of chitin -used to make bread, beer, wine -easy cheap tool to study euk structures and gene expression (grows and divdies quick)

Answer 4

-names end in -mycota

Answer 5

-watermold, early branching -laurel creek FUNGI

Answer 6

-Rhizopus -Bread mold -lab contamination FUNGI

Answer 7

-mycorrhizal fungi -important for roots and trees -created a symbiotic relationship with roots, helps them grow better DUNGI

Answer 8

Spore-shooters -sac fungi, club, yeast, skin bag FUNGI

Answer 9

-spore droppers -club fungi -traditional mushroom producing fungi FINGU looks liek what u imagine fungi to looj like

Answer 10

PROTIST -lacks mitochondria even though it is a protist -causes human disease -anaerobic -found in lakewater

Answer 11

1)Dictyostelium discoideum -example of slime mould -model for studyng ecology, cell motility, and cell to cell commuication 2)physarum -fuses many cells into a continous, multinucleate giant cell

Answer 12

ALGAE -has a two flagella form -good for stuyding flagella fubnction -easy to grow -in light, move crazy cause very sensitive to light

Answer 13

start diploid (2N) end diploid (2N) - produces two identical cells from original cell

Answer 14

create four haploid cell -one round dna rep, two round division tetrad splits, then chromosome splits Genetic recombination -seggreation of maternal and paternal chromosomes -crossing over between chromosomes prior to seggregation -ensures each haploid cell is GENETICALLY DISTINCT

Answer 15

YEAST -undergo mitosis to form an ascus when things are bad (need genetic diversity) -usually just do mitosis with haploid cell or with diploid cell -to undergo meisos, diploid cell goes through meisosi to form ascus for haploid to turn into diploid, they genentically fuse -budding off of smaller cells can occur or fission of identicaly sized cells

Answer 16

-maintain motile haploid cell and undergo mitosis (asexual reproduction) -can differentiate and fuse into diploids -these diploids turn into SPOREs to undergo meisosis and then haploid cells are formed again

Answer 17

SLIME MOULD -regular mitosis occurs (vegetatice cycle) -or multicellular slug formed, which differentiates into a fruiting body, which releases spores and germates (haploid again) -can also go sexual cycle and amoeboid cells can turn into a macrocyst

Answer 18

-idea that one primitive micro-org (ARCHAEA) engulfed another (BACTERIA), forming a symbiosis -atleast two endosymbiotic eents must have occurred -mitochondia -chloroplasts bc euk only appeared 2.1-1.6 billion years ago whereas life started 4.5 to 4 billion years ago archaea might have been lokiarchaeota. or lokiarchaeota ancestor EVIDENCE FOR ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Mito and chloro resemble bacteria in shape and size -double membrane -cell division with fitsZ -each has own DNA -rRNA more similar to bac than euk -CIRCULAR CHROMOSOME

Answer 19

MITOCHONDRIA, cells likely evolved out of using them to obtain energy

Answer 20

-supports endosymbiotic theory -this ingests algae and using it for photosyntehsis, provides the thing with sugar! -when sun goes down, they eat them bc the algae are no longer useful

Answer 21

Protozoa -malaria, african sleeping sickness -drug we need to treat these are more of a problem than the disease itself since it needs to be strong enough to kill them without killing us WHICH IS HARD SINCE WE ARE SO SIMILAR TO THEN FUngi -less likely to cause disease -more likkely to cause disease in immuno-compromised individuals CAN also cause killing in plants Potato famine was PHYTOPTHROA

Answer 22

Phytopthora! KNOW THIS

Answer 23

Primary peoduces provide energy -some algae produce lots of ocxygen in the water through photosynthesis -biodegraders recycle nutrients -some can degrade celliulose, recylong plant matter better than animals TERMITE GUT PROTOZOA

Answer 24

Cause disease (tar spots) on leaves on treea

Answer 25

-causes them to attack themselves, cause the thing is attacking them from the inside and they will start acting weird. -ants are moved out of colony when they do this -because if not they will climb to the tip of something, produce a fruiting body through them which are spore shooters, releasing spores that will fall on colony and infect them and the entire colony will be decimated.