TOPIC 4: Communication Flashcards
is the actionable transfer of information from one person, group, or place to another by writing, speaking, or using a medium that provides a means of understanding (Ntara & Evans, 2023).
Communication
-Require channels predefined by the organizations generally establish a well-defined hierarchical chain.
-An organization establishes a formal communication channel to transmit messages related to the professional activities of members.
Examples: Reports, Internal email requests, Legal & commercial notices, newsletters or publications.
Formal Channels
-Follow a free flow without predefined communication routes.
-It is created spontaneously as a response to individual choices.
Examples: Social posts, group chat platforms, phone calls, instant messages.
Informal Channels
Five Directions of Communication Channels
Implies the transmission of information from higher levels to lower levels within a company.
It is a popular direction of formal organizations in which a one-directional hierarchical chain is visible.
Downward Communication Channel
Five Directions of Communication Channels
-Flows from lower levels to higher levels in the organization.
Ideal for establishing friendly and participative workplaces.
-Encourages employees to perform feedback procedures, provide suggestions, or voice complaints towards their seniors at work.
Upward Communication Channel
Five Directions of Communication Channels
-Information exchange across teams or departments at the same level within a company’s hierarchy.
-One of the fastest and easiest informal communication channels.
Lateral Communication Channel
Five Directions of Communication Channels
-Refers to complicated hierarchical groups within companies’ formal communication channels.
-Specifically, the all-channel group activates direct communication between every member and every level.
Formal Small Group Network
Five Directions of Communication Channels
-Informal communication networks are often referred to as ‘the grapevine.’
-Characterized by informal conversations between employees subjected to no prescribed structure, regulations, or system.
-Given its casual and simple nature, it can spread quickly and touch individuals on a large scale across an organization.
The Grapevine Channel
Types of Communication
Occurs when we engage in speaking with others.
Most direct form.
It’s immediate, allows for quick feedback, and relies on language skills to convey meaning effectively.
Verbal Communication
Types of Communication
-The subtle cues we give off without saying a word.
-Convey more than words alone.
-Complement or contradict what’s being said verbally.
Example:
Body language: Gestures, posture, facial expressions, and eye contact.
Paralanguage: Tone of voice, pitch, volume, and pace of speech.
Proxemics: Use of space and distance.
Haptics: Use of touch.
Non-verbal Communication
Types of Communication
Involves the use of visual aids, the practice of using visual elements to get a message across.
Visual Communication
Under Visual COmmunication: Crafting a message that educates, motivates, and engages the viewer.
Communication Design
Under Visual Communication: Uses design principles, clear and eye-catching.
Graphic Design
-Any interaction that makes use of the written word.
-Great for clarity and leaving a trail, but it lacks the nuances of non-verbal signals.
Written Communication
Types of Communication
-Using digital technologies to communicate.
-Has become a significant method.
-Combines elements of verbal, non-verbal, written, and visual communication, creating a multifaceted approach.
Digital Communication
Types of Communication
-Actively receiving and understanding the messages.
-Not just about hearing the words but also about comprehending the full message—including tone, emotion, and non-verbal cues.
Listening Communication
Methods of Communication
Direct, personal interaction.
Face-to-Face
Methods of Communication
Verbal interaction without visual cues.
Phone Calls
Methods of Communication
Written, asynchronous communication.
Emails/Text Messages
Methods of Communication
Combines visual and verbal elements.
Video Conferencing
Methods of Communication
Short, often informal written and visual communication.
Social Media
Defined as aspects or conditions that interfere with the effective exchange of ideas or thoughts.
Barriers to Communication
Types of Barriers: Tangible items that may interfere with communication efforts.
Physical Barriers
Types of Barriers: Mental health issues or stresses that impact clarity and receptiveness.
Psychological Barriers
