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iGCSE: Russia 1905-24 > Topic 4: Bolshevik Consolidation of Power > Flashcards

Topic 4: Bolshevik Consolidation of Power Flashcards

1
Q

Lenin forms a government of how many Bolsehviks?

A

15

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2
Q

What was Lenin’s new government called?

A

Council of People’s Commissars (Sovnarkom)

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3
Q

Who was the Chairman of the Sovnarkom?

A

Lenin

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4
Q

Who was the Commissar for War in the Sovnarkom?

A

Trotsky

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5
Q

Where were the four Soviet Socialist Republics?

A

Russia
Ukraine
Belorussia
Transcaucaus

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6
Q

In 1922, what was Russia renamed to?

A

USSR

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7
Q

What was Lenin’s secret police called?

A

Cheka

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8
Q

Where did the Cheka have their headquarters?

A

Lubyanka prison

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9
Q

In 1918 alone, how many opponents of Bolshevism had been executed?

A

50,000

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10
Q

What were the 5 promises of the Bolsheviks?

A
  • Elections to a Constituent Assembly
  • Peace
  • Land
  • Bread
  • All Power to the Soviets
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11
Q

What did Lenin proclaim on the 26th October 1917?

A

He proclaimed Russia a Republic of Soviets

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12
Q

Who did Lenin want to oppress?

A

The bourgeoisie class

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13
Q

What was the Decree on Peace?

A
  • All countries should seek peace
  • Called for an immediate armistice without loss of territory or money (unrealistic)
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14
Q

What was the Decree on Land?

A
  • Private ownership of rural land was illegal in November 1917
  • In December this was extended to the Church
  • Took 500m acres of land and gave it to the peasants
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15
Q

What was the Decree on Nationalities?

A
  • Ended Russification
  • They would have their own choice of government
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16
Q

What was the Decree on Workers’ Rights?

A

Decree on Work: 8 hour work day and 48 hour work week

Decree on Unemployment: Insurance for injuries, illness and unemployment.

Pensions introduced

Decree on Workers’ Control: All factories under control of workers’ soviets.

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17
Q

How did Lenin try to solve the problem of food?

A

Priority was put on getting food to the cities

Cheka and police took food that was not handed over

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18
Q

How did Lenin want to control the economy?

A

Lenin wanted to end the capitalist system

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19
Q

What was taken over by the government in aid of the economy?

A

The banks and factories

They were put under the control of elected workers’ councils

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20
Q

How was religion viewed by the Communists?

A

As a way of controlling people

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21
Q

What did the Decree on Freedom of Conscience do?

A

Took away the priviledged status of the Church

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22
Q

What did the Church lose?

A

All land
Publications were outlawed
Religious education outside of the home was banned

23
Q

What religions were the Bolsheviks more cautious with?

A

Non-Christian cultures e.g. Islamic traditions were left alone

24
Q

Women were declared ____ to men

A

Equal

25
Q

What made divorce easier?

A

The Family Code

26
Q

What was made legal for women?

A

Abortion

27
Q

Why were workplace creches encouraged?

A

Improve women’s lives but also get more women into work

28
Q

What types of newspapers were banned?

A

All non-Bolshevik newspapers

29
Q

Which political parties were banned?

A

The Liberal Party

The Cadets

30
Q

When were elections held for a Constituent Assembly?

A

In November 1917

31
Q

Why was Lenin forced into elections for a Constituent Assembly?

A

The railway workers threatened to strike if there were no elections

32
Q

Who was more popular than the Bolsheviks?

A

The Socialist Revolutionaries - especially amongst the peasants

33
Q

What were the results of the elections for the Constituent Assembly?

A

Bolsheviks: 175 seats
Socialist Revolutionaries: 410

34
Q

What did Lenin do in relation to the Constituent Assembly election results?

A

Rejected the results and criticised the Constituent Assembly as a threat to the revolution

35
Q

When did the Constituent Assembly first meet?

A

January 1918

36
Q

What proposal did the Sovnarkom make to the Constituent Assembly?

A

For them to pass the Bolshevik key decrees

37
Q

Did the Constituent Assembly pass the Bolshevik key decrees?

A

No. It was rejected by a majority of over 100

38
Q

What did Lenin claim of the Constituent Assembly?

A

That it did not represnt the will of the people and was dominated by counter-revolutionaries

39
Q

Who did Lenin send in to close the Constituent Assembly?

A

Red Guards

40
Q

Who did Lenin ban after he sent in the Red Guard to close the Constituent Assembly?

A

All opposition parties: Socialist Revolutionaries, Mensheviks, and Kadets

41
Q

When was the next time that multi-party elections were held in Russia?

A

1991

42
Q

Who did Lenin send to negotiate with Germany?

A

Trotsky

43
Q

Where did Trotsky go to negotiate with Germany?

A

Brest-Litovsk in Poland

44
Q

Where was the capital of Russia moved to after Petrograd looked likely to be caught by the Germans?

A

Moscow

45
Q

What did Russia have to concede to Germany in order to leave the war?

A

Ukraine, its Polish and Baltic territories, the Caucasus, and Finland

Had to pay 300 million gold roubles

46
Q

How many people were lost from Russia after Brest-Litovsk?

A

62 million (1/6 of its population)

47
Q

What percentage of farmland was lost after Brest-Litovsk?

A

27%

48
Q

What percentage of railway mileage was lost after Brest-Litovsk?

A

26%

49
Q

What percentage of iron ore and coal was lost after Brest-Litovsk?

A

74%

50
Q

Why was it important for Russia to withdraw from the war?

A
  • It was one of the main reasons for the fall of the Tsar
  • German troops advanced into Russia
  • Lenin thought a civil war was invetible
  • Lenin did not think the treaty would last long
51
Q

How did the Russian people feel about the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

A

It was shameful

52
Q

What became worse after the Treaty of Brest-Litvosk?

A

Food shortages because of lack of farmland

53
Q

How many people left Petrograd by July 1918?

A

1 million people

The number of people working shrank by 60%

54
Q

Who was split by the treaty?

A

The Bolshevik Party

Lenin believed the Bolsheviks had no choice.

iGCSE: Russia 1905-24 (15 decks)

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