Topic 4: Ammunition, Cartridge, Primer Flashcards
Under the National Internal Revenue Code the word shall mean loaded shell for rifles, muskets, carbines, shotguns, revolvers and pistols from which bullets, ball shot, shell or other missile may be ammunition for air rifles.
AMMUNITION.
It refers to a complete unfired unit consisting of a bullet, gunpowder, cartridge case and primer or fashont loaded shell for use in any firearm. (Sec 3 RA 10591). all types of
CARTRIDGE
It also refers to a loaded shell for rifles, muskets, carbines, shotguns, revolvers, and pistols from which a ball bullet, shot, shell, or other missile may be fired by means of gunpowder or other explosives. The term also includes ammunition/cartridge for air rifles (Sec 877 Revised Administrative Code).
CARTRIDGE
The earliest small arms ammunition or cartridge consisted of a pre-measured charge of powder wrapped in a paper. The term cartridge is derived from the word “Charta,” the Latin word for paper, and from the French word “cartouche,” meaning a roll of paper, which indicates that the original cartridges were not the brass gilding metal of today’s modern ammunition.
CARTRIDGE
PARTS OF CARTRIDGE
Bullet
Cartridge case
Gunpowder
Primer
refers to the cylindrical projectile propelled through the barrel of the firearm by means of expansive force of gases coming from a burning gunpowder..
- Bullet
refers to the tubular metallic container for gunpowder, sometimes called shell.
- Cartridge Case
is the propellant or powder charge which when ignited by the primer flash is converted into heated gas under high pressure and propels the bullet or shot charge through the barrel and to the target. It is sometimes called smokeless powder, ballistite or cordite.
- Gun Powder
refers to the meral cap containing the highly sensitive priming mixture of chemical compounds that would ignite or detonate when hit or struck by the firing pin.
- Primer
It is also called shot shell, and its body maybe a metal or plastic or paper with a meta head which is the subject for examination.
Shotgun Cartridge
It usually contains multiple projectiles called shots. A single projectile in a shotgun shell is called a slug
Shotgun Cartridge
PARTS OF SHOTGUN CARTRIDGE
Plastic tube
Brass head
Primer
Powder
Crimp
Wad
Lead shot
is a plastic container that houses the wad and the lead shots.
- Plastic Tube
refers to the tubular metallic container that contains the gunpowder, flash hole, and the primer.
- Brass Head
refers to the metal cap containing the highly sensitive priming mixture of chemical compounds that would ignite or detonate when hit or struck by the firing pin.
- Primer
It is the most significant part of the shotgun cartridge for identification.
- Brass Head
is the propellant or powder charge which, when ignited by the primer flash, is converted into heated gas under high pressure and propels the bullet or shot charge through the barrel and to the target. It is sometimes called smokeless powder, ballistite, or cordite
Powder
refers to the portion of a plastic tube bent inward to hold the shot in place
- Crimp
refers to a shotgun component placed between the propellant and shot, acting as a gas seal
- Wad
serves as a projectile, which is usually made of lead
- Lead Shot
TYPES OF CARTRIDGE ACCORDING TO THE LOCATION OF THE PRIMER
Center fire
Rim fire
Pin fire
In 1858, the Moors cartridge marked the development of center fire cartridge The priming mixture is located or contained in the center area of the base of the cartridge. Its primer could either be Boxer or Berdan.
- Center-Fire.
This type of cartridge was invented in 1845, by a French gun maker, Louis Nicolas Auguste Flobert.
- Rim-Fire,
The priming mixture of this kind of cartridge is in the cavity, inside and around the rim or the circumference around the base of the cartridge. This rim-fire cartridge is usually applied to caliber 22 pistols, caliber 22 revolver and caliber 22 rifle.
- Rim-Fire,
In this type, a pocket of fulminate is placed on the sidewall of a copper case. The pin in this kind of cartridge is already resting in the priming mixture called fulminate. The pin is to be driven by the hammer to strike and detonate the sensitive chemical compound.
- Pin Fire.
It is a part of the cartridge usually located at the center of its base and housed by the pruner pocket.
Primer
This part contains a highly sensitive chemical that will produce ignition or heat when the firing pen strikes it. This reaction is termed percussion.
Primer
The heat or ignition produced will pass through the canal called a vent or flash hole towards the gunpowder. Consequently, the gunpowder will be ignited and undergo combustion.
Primer
Parts of Primer
Priming cup
Priming mixture
Anvil
Disc
This is the container of the priming mixture, anvil, and dise.
- Priming Cap.
This is made of brass, gilding metal or copper depending upon the kind.
- Priming Cap.
Refers to a highly sensitive chemical mixture contained in a primer cup.
- Priming Mixture.
The portion of the primer which provides sufficient resistance to the impact of the firing pin as it depresses the primer cup and crushes the priming mixture.
- Anvil.
This is a piece of paper containing the priming mixture pressed over by the impact of the primer and the anvil. Its purposes are: to hold the priming mixture in place and exclude moisture
- Disc
TYPES OF PRIMER ACCORDING TO CONSTRUCTION
Berdan
Boxer
It is invented by the US army Col Hiram Berdan. The primer of this type, has two vents/flash holes towards the gunpowder.
- Berdan.
is non- replaceable since the anvil of the primer formed an integral part of the cartridge case and will be deformed after firing
Berdan primer
It is invented by the British army Col. Edward M. Boxer. The primer has only one vent or flash hole towards the gunpowder.
- Boxer.
can be replaced and reused since the primer cup is removable from the cartridge. Thus, it is not expensive.
Boxer primer
CLASSES OF PRIMER ACCORDING TO PURPOSE
Corrosive
Non-corrosive
contains a chemical compound that produces plumes, vapor, and chloride after the explosion. One of the chemicals in this type of primer is potassium chlorate, which produces potassium chloride when ignited by the primer flash. Potassium chloride draws moisture from the air and this moisture speeds rusting of the gun barrel.
- Corrosive
contains a chemical compound inside the primer cup that produces plumes of metal, vapor, and oxygen that form a spherical and irregular shape after the explosion. One of the chemicals in this type of primer is barium nitrate. It is a non-corrosive type of priming compound.
- Non-corrosive
is a compound contained in a cartridge that is responsible for propelling the projectile.
GUNPOWDER
This compound will undergo combustion when ignited by the flash that came from the primer. Since a sealed container encloses it, the heated gas produced from combustion will develop tremendous pressure. It is also known as a propellant.
GUNPOWDER
known as the black powder, was invented by Roger Bacon.
In 1248, gunpowder,
Two Types of Powder in Small Arms
Black powder
Smokeless powder
It is easily activated by heat and friction. Thus, it is the most unsafe type of powder to keep. A large volume of smoke and residue left in the barrel of the gun can be produced by this type of powder. It is also known as the oldest explosive.
- Black Powder
- It is a propellant that does not give off a massive cloud of white smoke like black powder when fired. It is the most potent propellant in small arms
- Smokeless Powder
It has two main classes of smokeless powder are?
Single base propellant or nitrocellulose
Double base propellant has nitrocellulose and nitro-glycerine
It only contains pure nitro- glycerine gelatinized with nitrocellulose. This type of propellant has a perfect shape in grains like small squares, discs, flakes, strips, pellets, or perforated cylindrical grains.
1) Single-Base Propellant Or Nitrocellulose
as the significant ingredients mixed with minor ingredients like vaseline phthalein esters and inorganic salts.
2) Double base propellant has nitrocellulose and nitro-glycerine
