Topic 3: 3.2 Types Of Fire Arms Flashcards
TYPES OF GUNS ACCORDING TO CONSTRUCTIONS OF THE GUN BARREL
Smooth bore firearms
Rifle bore firearms
These are firearms in which the bore does not have rifling from the breech to the muzzle end. Ex. Shotgun and Muskets. A shotgun is the most common type of smooth bore firearm nowadays. A few meters from the barrel of the shotgun, the projectiles are still compact. As they travel further, the said projectiles gradually separate from each other but still in the same direction and speed. Pattern is the term used for the entire shot charge when moving through the air.
- Smooth Bore Firearms.
These are firearms in which the bore has rifling. The rifling is composed of lands and grooves. The land refers to the raised portion while the groove is the depressed part inside the bore of the firearm. The rifling is designed to cause the bullet to rotate either left or right depending on the manufacturer of the firearm The purpose of having a rifling in the gun barrel is to cause the bullet to gain stability during its flight. This condition is called gyroscopic stability. Ex. Rifle, Pistol, Revolver, Carbine.
- Rifled Bore Firearms.
Types of Firearms according to Projectiles Propelled
Artillery
Small arms
-These are types of weapons in which the diameter of the bore is greater than one inch. Ex. Cannons, Bazooka.
- Artillery
- These are types of firearms in which the diameter of the bore is less than one inch. Ex. Machine gun, Shoulder arms, Hand gun.
- Small Arms
It also refers to firearms intended to be or primarily designed for individual use or that which is generally considered to mean a weapon intended to be fired from the hand or shoulder, which are not capable of fully automatic bursts of discharge (Sec 3 RA 10591). Ex: Pistol, Revolver, Rifle, and shotgun
- Small Arms
> TYPES OF FIREARMS ACCORDING TO MECHANICAL CONSTRUCTIONS
- Single shot firearm
- Repeating firearm
- Automatic firearm
- Bolt action type
- Slide or pump action type
- Lever action type
These are the types of firearms that do not have a magazine. To operate the single-shot firearm, the firer should follow these steps. First, the firer should manually draw the bolt backward in order to open the chamber to fire the gun. Next, fresh ammunition is loaded directly into the chamber and then manually push back the bolt to close the breech. This condition is now ready for firing. Finally, the firer should draw the bolt again, by hand, in a backward manner to extract and eject the cartridge out from the firearm.
- Single-Shot Firearm
These are firearms that have a magazine. The repeating firearms are divided into two types, namely:
Automatic firearm
Hand operated firearm
This type of firearms will not automatically load fresh cartridge after firing this is a type of firearm that requires the fire to manually cook the gun to cycle the operation
- Repeating Firearm
These are firearms that automatically load fresh ammunition into its chamber after firing. Thus, there is no need for the firer to cock again for the next fire. Automatic firearms are divided into two categories, namely, (a) Full-automatic, and (a) semi-automatic
- Automatic Firearm
are automatic firearms that can continuously project several rounds by a single squeeze of the trigger.
a. Full-Automatic Firearms
are automatic firearms that can only project one projectile by a single squeeze of the trigger.
b. Semi-Automatic Firearms
This type of firearm has a magazine under the bolt. The tubular magazine is one of the types of compartments used for its cartridges. To open the breech, move the bolt handle upward, then draw it to the rear. Bringing the bolt handle forward, allows the bolt to carry another fresh ammunition and load to the chamber. Finally, move the handle downward to lock the breech and prepare for the subsequent firing.
- Bolt Action Type
This type of firearm can be operated through the manipulation of the for-end. It can be done by bringing the for-end back and forth. The backward movement of the for-end causes its bolt to be dragged backward. Likewise, this motion results in the extraction and ejection of the empty cartridge out from the firearm through the ejection port. On the other hand, the fresh ammunition from the tubular magazine will be carried by the bolt towards the chamber when the for-end is brought forward.
- Slide Or Pump Action Type
The trigger guard of this firearm can be moved up and down. The downward manipulation of the trigger guard, opens the breech and further moves the bolt mechanism to the rear. This motion also extracts and ejects the case from the firearm. Fresh ammunition will be loaded to the chamber as the trigger guard is raised. This condition is now ready for firing
- Lever Action Type
It refers to the characteristics that are determinable even before the manufacture of e firearm. These are factory specifications and within the control of man. These serve as e basis for identifying a certain group or class of firearm.
Class character
This refers to the diameter of the bore which can be determined by measuring the two opposite lands. The lands are the basis for measuring the caliber of the firearm since they are the remnants after rifling operation. The manufacturer could have met the actual caliber of the firearm prior to this phase in making the barrel.
A. Bore Diameter or Caliber
There should be an equal number of lands and grooves in the barrel regardless of the manufacturer. If the bore has six lands, then there should also be six grooves.
B. Number of Lands and Grooves.
The elevated portions inside the bore of the barrel
a. Lands.
The depressed portions inside the bore of the barrel.
b. Grooves.
This can be determined through measuring the distance from the edge of the land to its opposite edge.
C. Width of the Lands.
It can be determined by measuring the distance from the corner of the groove to its opposite corner.
D. Width of the Grooves.
It refers to the twist of rifling in the barrel. The twist of rifling may either be left or right. The examiner can identify the twist of rifling in the barrel by viewing either from the muzzle end or breech end since the results are the same.
E. Direction of Twist.
The act or process of making spiral grooves:
RIFLING
➤ A system of spiral grooves inside the barrel of a gun causing a bullet when fired to spin about its longer axis.
RIFLING
TYPES OF RIFLING
Small type
Carbine type
Smith & wesson type
Browning type
Colt type
Webley type
Army type
Winchester type
4RGL. (four lands and grooves, the direction of twist is to the right and the width of grooves is equal to the width of lands)
- Small Type-
4RG2X (four lands and grooves, the direction of twist is to the right and the width of grooves is twice to the width of lands)
- Carbine Type
-5RGL (five lands and grooves, the direction of twist is to the right and the width of grooves is equal to the width of lands)
- Smith and Wesson Type
-6RG2X (six lands and grooves, the direction of twist is to the right and the width of grooves is twice the width of lands)
- Browning Type
-6LG2X (six lands and grooves, the direction of twist is to the left and the width of grooves is twice the width of lands)
- Colt Type
-7RG3X (seven lands and grooves, the direction of twist is to the right and the width of grooves is thrice the width of lands)
- Webley Type
(four lands and grooves, the direction of twist is to the right and the width of grooves is thrice the width of lands)
- Army Type
-6RG3X (six lands and grooves the direction of twist is to the right and the width of grooves is thrice the width of lands)
- Winchester Type
It refers to the number of inches or distance advanced by the rifling in one complete turn equal to 360 degrees.
F. Pitch of the Rifling.
This is always equal to the the height of the land. To determine its measurement, take first the diameter between land to opposite land and groove to opposite groove respectively. Next, subtract the measurement of land to opposite land from the diameter of the groove to the opposite groove. Lastly, divide their difference by two (2). The result is the depth of the groove or the height of the land.
G. Depth of Grooves.
Those which are determinable only after the manufacture of the firearm. They are characteristics whose existence is beyond the control of man and which have random distribution. Their existence in a firearm is brought about by the tools in their normal operation resulting through wear and tear, abuse, militilations, corrosion, erosion and other fortuitous causes
- Individual Characteristics
