Topic 4 Flashcards
Ardi
Ardipithecus ramidus
4.4 million years ago
Binomial System
System of naming organisms using Latin names
Evolution
A change in characteristics of a population or species over a long period of time
Lucy
Australopithecus afarensis
Species
A group of organisms that can reproduce with each other to produce offspring
Ancestor
Organism from which more recent organisms are descended
Competition
Competition between organisms, e.g. for food
Genetic variation
Differences in organisms caused by differences in genes passed to offspring from parents
Natural Selection
Process when certain organisms are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species, due to genetic variation
Resistant
Unaffected or less affected by something
Classification
Sorting into groups
Domain
Three main groups
Archaea
Eukarya
Bacteria
Genus
Group of similar organisms
First name in Latin name of organisms
Kingdom
Five main kingdoms Plants Animals Fungi Protists Prokaryotes
Species
Group of organisms that can reproduce to produce offspring
Artificial Selection
When people choose organisms with specific characteristics and use those for breeding
Breed
Group of animals of same species that have characteristics that make them different to other members of the species
E.g. dogs - Westie breed to Jack Russel Breed
Genetic Engineering
Altering genome of an organism, often adding genes of another species
GMO
Genetically Modified Organism
Organisms produced using genetic engineering
Selective breeding
When humans choose an organism that has certain characteristics and then breed them, making the characteristic more obvious each time
Variety
Group of plants of same species with different characteristics that makes it distinctive.
Yield
Amount of useful product
Allele
Different versions of a gene
Base
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
Make up DNA
Diabetes
Disease where the body can not control blood-glucose concentration or insulin
Insulin
Hormone that decreases blood-glucose concentration.
Used to treat type 1 diabetes
Ligase
An enzyme that joins 2 DNA molecules together
Plasmid
Small loop of DNA found in cytoplasm of bacteria
Recombinant DNA
DNA made by joining 2 sections together with ligase
Restriction enzyme
An enzyme that cuts DNA molecules into pieces
Sticky End
Short section of single-stranded DNA
Found at end of cut DNA
Vector
Anything that transfers material from one organism to another
GENIE
S
Genetic variation Environmental change Natural selection SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST Inheritance Evolution
