Topic 4

Question 1

Ardi

Answer 1

Ardipithecus ramidus

4.4 million years ago

Question 2

Binomial System

Answer 2

System of naming organisms using Latin names

Question 3

Evolution

Answer 3

A change in characteristics of a population or species over a long period of time

Question 4

Lucy

Answer 4

Australopithecus afarensis

Question 5

Species

Answer 5

A group of organisms that can reproduce with each other to produce offspring

Question 6

Ancestor

Answer 6

Organism from which more recent organisms are descended

Question 7

Competition

Answer 7

Competition between organisms, e.g. for food

Question 8

Genetic variation

Answer 8

Differences in organisms caused by differences in genes passed to offspring from parents

Question 9

Natural Selection

Answer 9

Process when certain organisms are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species, due to genetic variation

Question 10

Resistant

Answer 10

Unaffected or less affected by something

Question 11

Classification

Answer 11

Sorting into groups

Question 12

Domain

Answer 12

Three main groups
Archaea
Eukarya
Bacteria

Question 13

Genus

Answer 13

Group of similar organisms

First name in Latin name of organisms

Question 14

Kingdom

Answer 14

Five main kingdoms
Plants
Animals
Fungi
Protists
Prokaryotes

Question 15

Species

Answer 15

Group of organisms that can reproduce to produce offspring

Question 16

Artificial Selection

Answer 16

When people choose organisms with specific characteristics and use those for breeding

Question 17

Breed

Answer 17

Group of animals of same species that have characteristics that make them different to other members of the species
E.g. dogs - Westie breed to Jack Russel Breed

Question 18

Genetic Engineering

Answer 18

Altering genome of an organism, often adding genes of another species

Question 19

GMO

Answer 19

Genetically Modified Organism

Organisms produced using genetic engineering

Question 20

Selective breeding

Answer 20

When humans choose an organism that has certain characteristics and then breed them, making the characteristic more obvious each time

Question 21

Variety

Answer 21

Group of plants of same species with different characteristics that makes it distinctive.

Question 22

Yield

Answer 22

Amount of useful product

Question 23

Allele

Answer 23

Different versions of a gene

Question 24

Base

Answer 24

Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine

Make up DNA

Question 25

Diabetes

Answer 25

Disease where the body can not control blood-glucose concentration or insulin

Question 26

Insulin

Answer 26

Hormone that decreases blood-glucose concentration.

Used to treat type 1 diabetes

Question 27

Ligase

Answer 27

An enzyme that joins 2 DNA molecules together

Question 28

Plasmid

Answer 28

Small loop of DNA found in cytoplasm of bacteria

Question 29

Recombinant DNA

Answer 29

DNA made by joining 2 sections together with ligase

Question 30

Restriction enzyme

Answer 30

An enzyme that cuts DNA molecules into pieces

Question 31

Sticky End

Answer 31

Short section of single-stranded DNA

Found at end of cut DNA

Question 32

Vector

Answer 32

Anything that transfers material from one organism to another

Question 33

GENIE

S

Answer 33

Genetic variation
Environmental change
Natural selection
SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST
Inheritance
Evolution