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SCIENCE COMBINED Biology Paper 1 > Topic 1 > Flashcards

Topic 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Eyepiece lens

A

Part of microscope you look down

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2
Q

Magnification lens

A

How much bigger something appears

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3
Q

Objective lens

A

Part of microscope closest to specimen

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4
Q

Resolution

A

Smallest change that can be measured by an instrument

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5
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

Respiration in which oxygen is used to release energy

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6
Q

Cell membrane

A

Controls what goes in and out of a cell

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7
Q

Cell sap

A

Liquid found in vacuole of a plant cell

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8
Q

Cell wall

A

Tough layer, used for protection and structure
Made of cellulose in plants
Bacteria = flexible

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9
Q

Chlorophyll

A

Green substance inside chloroplasts

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10
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Green disc containing chlorophyll
Inside plant cells
Where a plant makes glucose using photosynthesis

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11
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Watery jelly like substance where the cell’s activities take place

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12
Q

Eukaryotic

A

A cell with a nucleus

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13
Q

Field of view

A

Circle of light you can see down a microscope

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14
Q

Mitochondrion

A

Sub-cellular structure in cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells

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15
Q

Ribosome

A

Sub-cellular structure that makes proteins

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16
Q

Scale bar

A

Line drawn on magnified image that shows scale

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17
Q

Vacuole

A

Storage space in cells

Plants = large permanent vacuole to keep them rigid

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18
Q

Acrosome

A

Small vacuole at end of tip of a sperm cell head, containing enzymes

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19
Q

Adaption

A

Features that something has to enable it to do certain things

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20
Q

Ciliated Epithelial Cell

A

A cell that lines certain tubes in the body and has cilia on the surface

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21
Q

Cilia

A

Small hair-like structure on surface of cells

Sg. Cilium

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22
Q

Diploid

A

Cell that has 2 sets of chromosomes

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23
Q

Egg cell

A

Female gamete

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24
Q

Haploid

A

Cell with one set of chromosomes

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25
Q

Embryo

A

Life that grows from a zygote (fertilised egg cell)

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26
Q

Enzyme

A

Protein

Substance that speeds up some processes of breaking things down

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27
Q

Epithelial cell

A

Cell found on surface of parts of the body

28
Q

Fertilisation

A

Fusing of male and female gamete

29
Q

Microvillus

A

A fold on the surface of a villus cell - increase surface area so digested food is absorbed more quickly

30
Q

Oviduct

A

Tube that carries egg cells from ovaries to uterus

31
Q

Specialised cell

A

Cell that is adapted for a specific function

32
Q

Sperm cell

A

Male gamete

33
Q

Chromosomal DNA

A

DNA found in chromosomes

34
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Contains genetic information

35
Q

Flagellum

A

Tail-like structure that rotated allowing organism to move

36
Q

Plasmid

A

Small loop of DNA in cytoplasm of bacteria

37
Q

Plasmid DNA

A

DNA found in plasmids

38
Q

Prokaryotic

A

A cell with no nucleus, e.g. bacteria

39
Q

Biological catalyst

A

Substance found in living organisms that speeds up reaction

40
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction

41
Q

Digest

A

To break down large molecules into smaller subunits

42
Q

Monomer

A

Small molecule that can join to other molecules like itself to form a polymer

43
Q

Polymer

A

Substance made up of very long molecules containing repeating groups of atoms (formed by monomers)

44
Q

Product

A

Substance formed in a reaction

45
Q

Substrate

A

A substance that is changed during a reaction

46
Q

Synthesis

A

To build a large molecule from a smaller subunits

47
Q

Active sights

A

Space in an enzyme where the substrate fits during an enzyme-catalysed reaction

48
Q

Denatured

A

Denatured enzyme = where shape of active site has changed, meaning that the substrate will no longer fit

49
Q

Lock-and-Key model

A

Model that describes the way an enzyme catalyses a reaction when the substrate fits within an active site

50
Q

Optimum pH

A

pH which an enzyme-catalyses reaction works fastest

51
Q

Optimum temperature

A

Term per student which an enzyme-catalyses reaction works tastes

52
Q

Active transport

A

Movement of particles across a cell membrane from region of lower concentration to region of higher concentration
(Against gradient)
Requires energy

53
Q

Diffusion

A

When particles spread and mix with each other.

54
Q

Concentration

A

Amount of a solute dissolved in a certain volume of solvent

55
Q

Concentration gradient

A

Difference between 2 concentrations

56
Q

Osmosis

A

Overall movement of solvent molecules in a solution across a permeable membrane, from dilute to more concentrated solution

57
Q

Passive

A

Process that doesn’t require energy

58
Q

Semi-permeable

A

Something that will allow certain particles to pass through but not others

59
Q

Solute

A

Solid that has dissolved in liquid to make a solution

60
Q

Solvent

A

Liquid which dissolves a solute to make solution

61
Q

Centimetre standard form

A

10-2

62
Q

Millimetre standard form

A

10-3

63
Q

Micrometer standard form

A

10-6

64
Q

Manometer standard form

A

10-9

65
Q

Picometer standard form

A

10-12

66
Q

Equation for Photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen

67
Q

Equation for Respiration

A

Glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water

SCIENCE COMBINED Biology Paper 1 (4 decks)

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