Topic 3

Question 1

Chromosome

Answer 1

In nuclei of cells

Contains long DNA molecule packed with proteins

Question 2

Daughter cell

Answer 2

Cell produced by other cell that has divided

Question 3

Diploid

Answer 3

Cell w 2 sets of chromosomes

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Polymer made of glucose and phosphate joined to bases

Question 5

Gene

Answer 5

Section of the long DNA strand in a chromosome

Contains instructions for proteins

Question 6

Genome

Answer 6

All of the DNA in an organism

Question 7

Meiosis

Answer 7

Cell division in one parent cell to produce 4 haploid daughter cells

Question 8

Mitosis

Answer 8

Cell division to form two diploid daughter cells

Question 9

Polymer

Answer 9

Molecule made up of a chain of repeating similar sub units (monomers)

Question 10

Adenine

Answer 10

Base

Paired with thymine

Question 11

Base

Answer 11

Four substances that help make up DNA
A & T
C & G

Question 12

Complementary base pairs

Answer 12

Pairs of bases that fit into each other

Question 13

Cytosine

Answer 13

Base

Paired with guanine

Question 14

Double Helix

Answer 14

Two helixes joined together - shape of DNA

Question 15

Guanine

Answer 15

Base

Paired with cytosine

Question 16

Hydrogen bond

Answer 16

Weak force of attraction caused by differences in electrical charges in different parts of different molecules

Question 17

Thymine

Answer 17

Base

Paired with adenine

Question 18

Allele

Answer 18

Different versions of a gene

E.g. eye colour

Question 19

Dominant

Answer 19

Alleles that will always affect the phenotype

Question 20

Genetic diagram

Answer 20

Shows how alleles of two parents may form different combinations

Question 21

Genetic variation

Answer 21

Differences in organisms passed on from parents

Question 22

Genotype

Answer 22

Alleles for certain characteristics found in an organism.

Question 23

Heterozygous

Answer 23

When alleles are different

Dominant / recessive

Question 24

Homozygous

Answer 24

When alleles are the same

Dominant / recessive

Question 25

Monohybrid inheritance

Answer 25

Study of how alleles or just one gene are passed from parent to offspring

Question 26

Phenotype

Answer 26

Characteristics that a certain set of alleles produce

Question 27

Recessive

Answer 27

Only affects phenotype if the other allele is also recessive

Question 28

Family pedigree chart

Answer 28

Chart showing phenotypes and sexes of several generations of a family

Question 29

Punnet Square

Answer 29

Diagram used to predict characteristics in offspring of two organisms using combinations fo alleles

Question 30

Sex Chromosomes

Answer 30

Males = one X and one Y

Females = two X and one Y

Question 31

Human Genome Project

Answer 31

Project mapped base pairs in one human genome

Question 32

Mutation

Answer 32

A change to a gene, caused by a mistake in copying DNA base pairs during cell division

Question 33

Variation

Answer 33

Differences

Question 34

Acquired characteristics

Answer 34

Characteristics that can be changed during life due to environment

Question 35

Continuous variation

Answer 35

Continuous data taking any value between 2 limits

Question 36

Discontinuous variation

Answer 36

Data values that can only have one set number of options

Question 37

Environmental variation

Answer 37

Differences caused by environmental factors

E.g. heat, light, damage