Topic 4-2: Adapting VT for Special Populations Flashcards
Who are patients with special needs?
infants
toddlers
preschool children
brain injury patients developmental delays
elite athletes.
What is the most common genetic anomaly?
Down syndrome
What is the biggest risk factor for Down syndrome?
maternal age of pregnancy
What are the most common reasons why a patient with Down syndrome would come to VT?
Strabismus(more eso) and Significant refractive error
True or False:
Children with down syndrome may be sensitive to perceived failure?
True
What could you do while doing an exam for patient with Down syndrome?
Be encouraging
Slow down
Consider longer or multiple appointments
True or False:
Co-management with PCPs is a must
True
Motor impairment resulting from brain damage, whether pre-, peri-, or postnatal.
Cerebral Palsy (CP)
True or false:
Cerebral palsy is hereditary.
False, usually cause unknown, possibly pre-natal cause (70%)
What are the 3 types of Cerebral Palsy? What is most common? What is least common?
1) Spastic Cerebral Palsy (most common)
2) Dyskinetic/ Athenoid Cerebral palsy
3) Ataxic Cerebral Palsy (least common
What do you see in patients with Spastic Cerebral Palsy?
-Stiff muscles.
-Periventricular white matter damage
-stiff, jerky movement
-difficulty releasing objects
What do you see in patients with Dyskinetic/Athenoid Cerebral Palsy?
-Difficulty maintaining positions
-Large involuntary movements
- basal ganglia damage
-rarely affects intelligence
What do you see in patients with Ataxic CP Cerebral Palsy?
-Cerebellar damage
-Hypotonia
-Poor coordination
-Unsteady movements
-Poor balance
-Wide gait
-Shakiness/ tremor
-Poor depth perception
Cerebral palsy patient comes in with stiff muscles, periventricular white matter damage, stiff, jerky movement, and difficulty releasing objects. What kind of cerebral palsy does the patient have?
Spastic Cerebral palsy
Cerebral palsy patient comes in with difficulty maintaining positions, large involuntary movements, basal ganglia damage. What kind of cerebral palsy does the patient have?
Dyskinetic/ Athenoid CP
When you have a patient with Diplegia, what does that affect?
Lower limbs only (60-70% of CP patients)
What are the highest risk of Cerebral palsy?
-Premature infant
-Low birth weight
-Low Apgar scores
-Ventilator for over 4 weeks
What are 5 ocular manifestations of cerebral palsy?
-Cicatricial ROP
-Cortical Visual impairment
-Strabismus
-Refractive error
-Oculomotor dysfunction/ accommodative dysfunction
True or False:
Autism has a strong genetic link.
True
What are classic behavioral characteristics for patients with Autism?
-Inability to interpret emotions of others
-Delayed language, movement skills
-Difficulty initiating or maintaining conversations
-Intense preoccupations with a single subject, activity, or gesture (repetitive behaviors)
What are some ocular manifestations of Autism?
Oculomotor dysfunction
Strabismus
Amblyopia
Anisometropia
CI
Accommodation dysfunction
When you have children who are too young or have short attention span, how can you keep the kid engaged during Gross motor activities?
What activities can you do?
Get the kid moving and play games.
Ball/Bean bag toss
Hopscotch
Myers flying rings
Simon says
Angels in the snow
What can you do for children who have fine motor control problems?
Large crayons/pencils
Large print on targets
Bead strings
Allow additional time for motor tasks
What can you do for challenging kids who have cognitive understanding problems?
-Break directions into single steps
-Move slowly
-Simple tasks (puzzles, tangrams, parquetry blocks, memory game)
What can you do for challenging kids who have limited letter/number knowledge?
-Use stickers/ pictures
-picture charts
stickers
toys
videos
colors
What can you do for challenging kids who have limited attention span?
-Selections of targets ready
-change quickly from one activity from another
Which of the cerebral palsy presentations can present with poor balance and poor depth perception?
Cerebral palsy ataxia
