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VT > Topic 4-2: Adapting VT for Special Populations > Flashcards

Topic 4-2: Adapting VT for Special Populations Flashcards

1
Q

Who are patients with special needs?

A

infants
toddlers
preschool children
brain injury patients developmental delays
elite athletes.

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2
Q

What is the most common genetic anomaly?

A

Down syndrome

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3
Q

What is the biggest risk factor for Down syndrome?

A

maternal age of pregnancy

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4
Q

What are the most common reasons why a patient with Down syndrome would come to VT?

A

Strabismus(more eso) and Significant refractive error

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5
Q

True or False:
Children with down syndrome may be sensitive to perceived failure?

A

True

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6
Q

What could you do while doing an exam for patient with Down syndrome?

A

Be encouraging
Slow down
Consider longer or multiple appointments

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7
Q

True or False:
Co-management with PCPs is a must

A

True

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8
Q

Motor impairment resulting from brain damage, whether pre-, peri-, or postnatal.

A

Cerebral Palsy (CP)

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9
Q

True or false:
Cerebral palsy is hereditary.

A

False, usually cause unknown, possibly pre-natal cause (70%)

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of Cerebral Palsy? What is most common? What is least common?

A

1) Spastic Cerebral Palsy (most common)
2) Dyskinetic/ Athenoid Cerebral palsy
3) Ataxic Cerebral Palsy (least common

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11
Q

What do you see in patients with Spastic Cerebral Palsy?

A

-Stiff muscles.
-Periventricular white matter damage
-stiff, jerky movement
-difficulty releasing objects

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12
Q

What do you see in patients with Dyskinetic/Athenoid Cerebral Palsy?

A

-Difficulty maintaining positions
-Large involuntary movements
- basal ganglia damage
-rarely affects intelligence

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13
Q

What do you see in patients with Ataxic CP Cerebral Palsy?

A

-Cerebellar damage
-Hypotonia
-Poor coordination
-Unsteady movements
-Poor balance
-Wide gait
-Shakiness/ tremor
-Poor depth perception

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14
Q

Cerebral palsy patient comes in with stiff muscles, periventricular white matter damage, stiff, jerky movement, and difficulty releasing objects. What kind of cerebral palsy does the patient have?

A

Spastic Cerebral palsy

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15
Q

Cerebral palsy patient comes in with difficulty maintaining positions, large involuntary movements, basal ganglia damage. What kind of cerebral palsy does the patient have?

A

Dyskinetic/ Athenoid CP

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16
Q

When you have a patient with Diplegia, what does that affect?

A

Lower limbs only (60-70% of CP patients)

17
Q

What are the highest risk of Cerebral palsy?

A

-Premature infant
-Low birth weight
-Low Apgar scores
-Ventilator for over 4 weeks

18
Q

What are 5 ocular manifestations of cerebral palsy?

A

-Cicatricial ROP
-Cortical Visual impairment
-Strabismus
-Refractive error
-Oculomotor dysfunction/ accommodative dysfunction

19
Q

True or False:
Autism has a strong genetic link.

A

True

20
Q

What are classic behavioral characteristics for patients with Autism?

A

-Inability to interpret emotions of others
-Delayed language, movement skills
-Difficulty initiating or maintaining conversations
-Intense preoccupations with a single subject, activity, or gesture (repetitive behaviors)

21
Q

What are some ocular manifestations of Autism?

A

Oculomotor dysfunction
Strabismus
Amblyopia
Anisometropia
CI
Accommodation dysfunction

22
Q

When you have children who are too young or have short attention span, how can you keep the kid engaged during Gross motor activities?
What activities can you do?

A

Get the kid moving and play games.

Ball/Bean bag toss
Hopscotch
Myers flying rings
Simon says
Angels in the snow

23
Q

What can you do for children who have fine motor control problems?

A

Large crayons/pencils
Large print on targets
Bead strings
Allow additional time for motor tasks

24
Q

What can you do for challenging kids who have cognitive understanding problems?

A

-Break directions into single steps
-Move slowly
-Simple tasks (puzzles, tangrams, parquetry blocks, memory game)

25
Q

What can you do for challenging kids who have limited letter/number knowledge?

A

-Use stickers/ pictures
-picture charts
stickers
toys
videos
colors

26
Q

What can you do for challenging kids who have limited attention span?

A

-Selections of targets ready
-change quickly from one activity from another

27
Q

Which of the cerebral palsy presentations can present with poor balance and poor depth perception?

A

Cerebral palsy ataxia

VT (8 decks)

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