Topic 4 Flashcards
What are the products of reactive metals and cold water
Metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas
What type of metal will react with acids
Fairly reactive
Acid + metal ——salt + hydrogen
What type of metals will react with oxygen
Almost all metals will react with oxygen except gold
Metal+ oxygen = metal oxide
Although more reactive metals will react more quickly
How can you see how reactive metals are?
By seeing if they react :
With water , very reactive
With acid , fairly reactive
With oxygen , not very reactive
You can tell if bubbles are made (hydrogen)
What is a displacement reaction?
When a more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal
How do displacement reactions work
The more reactive metal takes the place of the less reactive metal
Example of displacement reaction
Calcium + aluminium oxide = calcium oxide + aluminium
This happens because calcium binds more strongly to the oxygen
Shat are displacement reactions
redox reactions where one element is oxidised ( loses electrons and gains oxygen ) and another is reduced ( gains electrons and loses oxygen)
How do you extract metals less reactive than carbon
Can be extracted from ores by reduction with carbon
Heat the ore with carbon and the carbon the displace the metal
This removes the oxygen from the metal
How to extract metals more reactive than carbon
Electrolysis
- Electrolysis splits up ionic compounds
- A electrical current passes through
- Electrodes are charged (anodes and cathods)
4.electrolytes are attracted to electrodes
5.ions in the metal are oxidised
Step by step phytoextraction
Same plants absorb metal compounds through their roots
Plants are planted in soil containing metal compounds
Plants are burned to ash and metal compounds is collected
Step by step bacterial extraction
Some bacteria absorb metal compounds
Bacteria produces a solution called leachate which contain the metal compounds
Metal separated by using displacement with iron
What is oxidation
Oxidation is gain of oxygen
What is reduction
Reduction is loss of oxygen
What is the reaction with oxidation and reactivity
The less reactive a metal is the less it oxidises since it needs to form a positive metal ion by losing electrons
(Loss of electrons = oxidation)
What are the advantages of recycling metals instead of mining more?
Recycling uses less energy to metal and reform the old metal compared to extracted new metal
Mining ore is bad for the environment = noise pollution and dust
Recycling is more sustainable as ore is a finite rescource
What is a reve
What is a reversibel reaction?
Where in some chemical reactions products of a reaction can react to make the original reactants
What is the haber process?
How ammonia is made = nitrogen + hydrogen = ammonia
What is equilibrium?
Rate of forward reaction = rate of backwards reaction
Concentration of reacting substances stay the same
What is dynamic equilibrium?
Where once the reaction reaches equilibrium they keep going
How is ammonia made
Where nitrogen and hydrogen are combined using 200 atmospheres of pressure + 450 *Celsius + an iron catalyst
What happens if the concentration of reactants are increased in the haber process?
More product is produced until equilibrium is reached again
What happens if the concentration of product is increased in the haber process?
The amount of reactants increase until equilibrium is reached again
What happens if temperature is increased in the haber process
Equilibrium moves towards the endothermic reaction = more product is produced
