topic 4

Question 1

what is genetic engineering?

Answer 1

modifying the genome of an organism by introducing a gene from another organism to give a desired characteristic

Question 2

what is evolution

Answer 2

a gradual change in the inherited traits of a population over time and it occurs due to natural selection

Question 3

impact of the theory of evolution on modern biology+society

Answer 3

• enables classification of organisms into taxa
• shows importance of finishing antibiotic treatments and the need to constantly produce new antibiotics
• highlights importance of high genetic diversity in habitats, aiding conservation projects

Question 4

name the 5 kingdoms

Answer 4

animals
plants
fungi
protists
eukaryotes

Question 5

issues with grouping organism bc of their anatomical and behavioural similarities or differences

Answer 5

some closely related species could look v different if they live in different habitats

organisms that aren’t related closely could look and behave similarly if they live in the same environment

Question 6

advancements that let scientists to reconsider 5 kingdoms classification system

Answer 6

microscopes
biochemistry
DNA and RNA analysis

Question 7

describe the three domains classification system

Answer 7

archaea, bacteria and eukarya are the three domains

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order family, genus, species

Question 8

advantages of growing plants by tissue culture

Answer 8

fast and simple process
requires little space
many plants clones with desirable characteristics
preservation of endangered species of plants

Question 9

preparing animal tissue cultures

Answer 9

extract a sample of tissue from the animal
use enzymes to separate cells within the sample
grow in a culture vessel with growth medium
store the sample once grown

Question 10

genetic engineering

Answer 10

• restriction enzymes cut genes from chromosomes to form sticky ends
• the same enzymes cut the vector dna to create complementary sticky ends
• ligase enzymes join the sticky enzymes of the dna and vector dna to form recombinant dna
• the recombinant dna is placed into an organism at an early developmental stage/placed into meristematic plant cells

Question 11

what is a vector

Answer 11

a structure that delivers the desired gene into the recipient cell, eg. plasmids + viruses