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Introduction to Communications > Topic 3: Verbal Communication > Flashcards

Topic 3: Verbal Communication Flashcards

1
Q

A collection of symbols, letters, or words with arbitrary meanings that are governed by rules and used to communicate.

A

Language

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2
Q

The process of assigning meaning to others’ words in order to translate them into thoughts of your own.

A

Decode

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3
Q

The study of the way humans use language to evoke meaning in others. Focuses on individual words and their meaning.

A

Semantics

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4
Q

The way in which words are arranged to form phrases and sentences.

A

Syntax

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5
Q

The process of translating your thoughts into words.

A

Encode

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6
Q

The study of language as it is used in a social context, including its effect on the communicators.

A

Pragmatics

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7
Q

Communication that is used to establish a mood of sociability rather than to communicate information or ideas.

A

Phatic Communication

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8
Q

The socially transmitted behavior patterns, beliefs, attitudes, and values of a particular period, class, community, or population.

A

Culture

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9
Q

A theory that our perception of reality is determined by our thought processes and our thought processes are limited by our language and, therefore, that language shapes our reality.

A

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

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10
Q

The agreed-upon meaning or dictionary meaning of a word.

A

Denotative Meaning

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11
Q

An individualized or personalized meaning of a word, which may be emotionally laden. Meanings others have come to hold because of personal or individual experience.

A

Connotative Meaning

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12
Q

Words and phrases used informally.

A

Colloquialisms

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13
Q

An expression that has lost originality and force through overuse.

A

Cliche

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14
Q

A more polite, pleasant expression used instead of a socially unacceptable form.

A

Euphemism

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15
Q

Any language that is purposefully constructed to disguise its actual meaning.

A

Doublespeak

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16
Q

A specialized language of a group of people who share a common interest or belong to a similar co-culture.

A

Slang

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17
Q

Language that is disrespectful of things sacred.

A

Profanity

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18
Q

The technical language developed by a professional group.

A

Jargon

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19
Q

Words and phrases specific to a particular region or part of the country.

A

Regionalisms

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20
Q

Language that excludes individuals on the basis of gender.

A

Sexist Language

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21
Q

Language that insults a group because of its skin color or ethnicity.

A

Racist Language

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22
Q

Language that implies that everyone is heterosexual.

A

Heterosexist Language

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23
Q

Language that describes and denigrates people on the basis of their age.

A

Ageist Language

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24
Q

The practice of describing observed behavior or phenomena instead of offering personal reactions or judgments.

A

Descriptiveness

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25
Q

Restating another person’s message by rephrasing the content or intent of the message.

A

Paraphrasing

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26
Q

A definition that identifies something by revealing how it works, how it is made, or what it consists of.

A

Operational Definition

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27
Q

Words and statements that are specific rather than abstract or vague.

A

Concrete Language

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28
Q

Specifying when you made an observation, since everything changes over time.

A

Dating

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29
Q

An assessment of a concept that does not change over time.

A

Frozen Evaluation

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30
Q

Identifying the uniqueness of objects, events, and people. Recognizing the differences among the various members of a group.

A

Indexing

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31
Q

______ is the opposite of indexing.

A

Stereotyping

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32
Q

_______ are descriptions of what is sensed; _______ are conclusions drawn from observations.

A

Observations; inferences

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33
Q

The ability of individuals and systems to respond respectfully and effectively to people of all cultures, classes, races, ethnic backgrounds, and religions in a manner that recognizes, affirms, and values the worth of individuals, families, and communities and protects and preserves the dignity of each.

A

Culture Competence

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34
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of language?

a. classifies reality
b. organizes reality
c. is intertwined with culture
d. is concrete

A

d. is concrete

35
Q

Because messages can vary depending on the situation, it is important to examine the context of the communication. That is called:

a. syntax
b. pragmatics
c. semantics
d. encoding

A

b. pragmatics

36
Q

Which statement reflects the relationship between language and culture?

a. Language does not progress in response to the needs of the culture, but culture does progress in response to language.
b. Language is a minor way that we learn about our culture.
c. Culture creates a lens through which we perceive the world and create shared meaning.
d. Language and culture are not related.

A

c. Culture creates a lens through which we perceive the world and create shared meaning.

37
Q

When doctors communicate with technical language, they are using:

a. profanity
b. euphemisms
c. doublespeak
d. jargon

A

d. jargon

38
Q

One way to improve language skills is to restate the other person’s message by rephrasing the content of the message, a process called

a. defining your terms
b. paraphrasing
c. using concrete language
d. dating

A

b. paraphrasing

39
Q

A word’s dictionary definition is its _____________ meaning, and an individualized or personalized definition is its __________ meaning.

a. denotative; connotative
b. denotative; abstract
c. connotative; denotative
d. concrete; connotative

A

a. denotative; connotative

40
Q

Communication may be helped or hindered when

a. proper grammar is used
b. language is used in unique or unusual ways
c. cliches are avoided
d. sexist or ageist language is utilized

A

b. language is used in unique or unusual ways

41
Q

Dating, or specifying when you made an observation, is important because

a. you always view objects, people, or situations as remaining the same
b. situations do not change over time
c. you are saying that something is always or universally a certain way
d. you clarify that your perception was based on a particular experience in a specific context

A

d. you clarify that your perception was based on a particular experience in a specific context

42
Q

Which of the following terms refers to disrespectful language?

a. profanity
b. jargon
c. cliches
d. colloquialisms

A

a. profanity

43
Q

When you describe observed behavior instead of offering personal reactions, you are

a. avoiding intentional confusion
b. being concrete
c. using descriptiveness
d. demonstrating cultural competence

A

c. using descriptiveness

44
Q

___________ is a sign that has a specific meaning or that represents something else.

A

Symbol

45
Q

__________ are the emotional meaning or secondary associations of words.

A

Connotations

46
Q

What a word indicates or signifies is called its __________.

A

Meaning

47
Q

__________ are the descriptive, dictionary definitions of words or their primary meanings.

A

Denotations

48
Q

Speech that is not adapted to the receiver.

A

Egocentric speech

49
Q

Putting thoughts, ideas, or feelings into words.

A

Encoding

50
Q

Speech in which the sender and receiver interact to share meaning.

A

Sociocentric speech

51
Q

The content of communication devoted to words.

A

Verbal message

52
Q

Mutual action that affects both the sender and the receiver.

A

Interaction

53
Q

Nonstandard language of a culture or sub-culture.

A

Slang

54
Q

__________ is the language we use when we talk with ourselves.

A

Self-talk

55
Q

The view that our world is shaped by our language is called the __________.

A

Sapir-Whorf Hypotheses

56
Q

When a message is without words, we say it is __________.

A

Nonverbal

57
Q

__________ can help use language in a more constructive way.

A

Reframing

58
Q

Events or situations that occur because we expect them to are called __________.

A

Self-fulfilling prophecies

59
Q

A formal system of symbols with agreed-upon meanings among speakers.

A

Language

60
Q

The content of communication devoted to words.

A

Verbal message

61
Q

A sign that has a specific meaning or that represents something else.

A

Symbol

62
Q

The significance of an idea or a feeling we are trying to communicate.

A

Meaning

63
Q

The descriptive, dictionary definition of a word or its primary meaning.

A

Denotation

64
Q

The emotional meaning or the secondary association triggered in most people by a word.

A

Connotation

65
Q

Capable of being understood in more than one way.

A

Ambiguous

66
Q

Putting thoughts, ideas, or feelings into words.

A

Encoding

67
Q

Translating messages to determine their meaning.

A

Decoding

68
Q

Speech in which the sender does not adapt the language to the receiver.

A

Egocentric speech

69
Q

Speech in which the sender and receiver interact to share meaning.

A

Sociocentric speech

70
Q

Mutual action that affects both the sender and the receiver.

A

Interaction

71
Q

The meaning in a message that is separate from the words.

A

Metamessage

72
Q

When we say that “words are arbitrary,” we mean that words have a meaning in and of themselves, a meaning that is the same for everyone using that language.
True/False

A

False

73
Q

Denotative meaning refers to the individualized, personalized meaning that we give to a word.
True/False

A

False

74
Q

Dating is a term in general semantics that means communication is improved if you always specify how your observation was made.
True/False

A

True

75
Q

Paraphrasing is the repetition of a message in the same words.
True/False

A

False

76
Q

Connotative meaning refers to the individualized, personalized meaning that we give to a word.
True/False

A

True

77
Q

Encoding means assigning meanings of words into thoughts of our own.
True/False

A

False

78
Q

Syntax refers to the rules by which we arrange words.

True/False

A

True

79
Q

Semantics is the science of meaning in language.

True/False

A

True

80
Q

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis states that our perception of reality is shaped by our language.
True/False

A

True

81
Q 
When a professor says that in order to avoid being counted absent you must come to scheduled classes, come to class before the bell, stay the entire class period, and leave only when dismissed, she is using operational definition.
True/False
A

True

82
Q

When we say that “the word is not the thing” we mean that the word is an abstraction, a simplification, a symbol of that for which it stands.
True/False

A

True

83
Q

To say that “fraternity buys are rich” is a violation of the general semanticist’s notion of indexing.
True/False

A

True

84
Q

When you say that you need “to use the rest room” instead of saying,” I have to do to the toilet”, you are using slang.
True/False

A

False

Introduction to Communications (14 decks)

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