Topic 2: Perception and Communication

Question 1

The process of becoming aware of objects and events from the senses.

Answer 1

Perception

Question 2

Perception in which your mind selects, organizes, and interprets that which you sense.

Answer 2

Active perception

Question 3

Your uniquely constructed meaning attributed to sensed stimuli.

Answer 3

Subjective perception

Question 4

The idea that your past experiences lead you to see the world in a way that is difficult to change; your initial perceptions persist

Answer 4

Perceptual Constancy

Question 5

The part an individual plays in a group; an individual’s function or expected behavior.

Answer 5

Role

Question 6

A system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that the members of a society use to cope with one another and with their world.

Answer 6

Culture

Question 7

A group whose beliefs or behaviors distinguish it from the larger culture of which it is part and with which it shares numerous similarities.

Answer 7

Co-Culture

Question 8

You engage in three separate activities during perception:

Answer 8

Selection, Organization and Interpretation

Question 9

Name 4 types of selectivity:

Answer 9

Selective exposure, selective attention, selective perception and selective retention.

Question 10

The tendency to expose yourself to information that reinforces rather than contradicts, your beliefs or opinions.

Answer 10

Selective Exposure

Question 11

The tendency, when you expose yourself to information and ideas, to focus on certain cues and ignore others.

Answer 11

Selective Attention

Question 12

The tendency to see, hear and believe only what you want to see, hear and believe.

Answer 12

Selective Perception

Question 13

The tendency to remember better the things that reinforce your beliefs rather than those that oppose them.

Answer 13

Selective Retention

Question 14

The focal point of your attention.

Answer 14

Figure

Question 15

The background against which your focused attention occurs.

Answer 15

Ground

Question 16

The tendency to fill in missing information in order to complete an otherwise incomplete figure or statement.

Answer 16

Closure

Question 17

The principle that objects physically close to each other will be perceived as a unit or group.

Answer 17

Proximity

Question 18

The principle that elements are grouped together because they share attributes such as size, color, or shape.

Answer 18

Similarity

Question 19

Perception that involves a blend of internal states and external stimuli.

Answer 19

Interpretive Perception

Question 20

________ occurs when we offer an oversimplified or standardized image of a person because of her or his group membership.

Answer 20

Stereotyping

Question 21

The prejudgments that we make before we know any relevant facts or circumstances about a person or an event.

Answer 21

Prejudice

Question 22

Name 3 steps of perceptual checking

Answer 22

1. You describe to the other person the behavior - including the verbal and nonverbal cues - that you observed.
2. You suggest plausible interpretations.
3. You see clarification, explanation, or amplification.

Question 23

The most common context of communication.

Answer 23

Intrapersonal communication

Question 24

The process in which the self develops through the messages and feedback received from others.

Answer 24

Symbolic Interactionism

Question 25

The act of assigning meaning to the stimuli we have selected and organized

Answer 25

Interpretation

Question 26

Physiological limits on our view of the world

Answer 26

Perceptual filters

Question 27

A choice about what we will focus our attention on

Answer 27

Selection

Question 28

The way we view ourselves and our world

Answer 28

Perception

Question 29

The shared beliefs, traditions, social relationships, and view of the world among a group of people

Answer 29

Culture

Question 30

Focusing on certain aspects of our environment and filtering out others

Answer 30

Selective Attention

Question 31

The arrangement of stimuli we take in through our senses

Answer 31

Organization

Question 32

The tendency to see what we expect to see

Answer 32

Psychological Sets

Question 33

Events or situations that occur because we expect them to occur

Answer 33

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 34

How well we like or value ourselves

Answer 34

Self-Esteem

Question 35

Messages about ourselves we get from others

Answer 35

Reflected appraisals

Question 36

Our view of how we measure up against others in certain areas of our life

Answer 36

Social comparisons

Question 37

Nonverbal cues are the method by which we form first impressions. True/False

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Perceived traits are the same as the character traits other people possess. True/False

Answer 38

False

Question 39

The judgments we make about physical attractiveness are based partly on our culture. True/False

Answer 39

True

Question 40

First impressions are brief ideas we have about a person; they don't last long. True/False

Answer 40

False

Question 41

Is this a perceptual Error? Good grandparents like to babysit their grandchildren. True/False

Answer 41

True

Question 42

Is this a perceptual Error? Everyone knows that most attorneys are sharks. True/False

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Is this a perceptual Error? I threw out your magazines; I assumed you wouldn't want to keep them. True/False

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Is this a perceptual Error? I wouldn't do that if I were you True/False

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Is this a perceptual Error? Anyone in my shoes would have done the same thing! True/False

Answer 45

True

Question 46

The way in which we view ourselves and our world.

Answer 46

Perception

Question 47

The three-step method by which we make sense of our world.

Answer 47

Perceptual process

Question 48

A choice we make about what aspects of our environment we focus our attention on.

Answer 48

Selection

Question 49

Groups of individuals who interact and cooperate with one another in a structured way for a shared purpose.

Answer 49

Organization

Question 50

The act of assigning meaning to the stimuli we have selected and organized.

Answer 50

Interpretation

Question 51

The choice we make to focus attention on a specific sound or word.

Answer 51

Selective Attention

Question 52

A physiological limit on our view of the world.

Answer 52

Perceptual filter

Question 53

The tendency to see what we expect to see.

Answer 53

Psychological Set

Question 54

The shared beliefs, traditions, social relationships, and view of the world among a group of people.

Answer 54

Culture

Question 55

The fairly stable impression we have developed over time about who we are.

Answer 55

Self-concept

Question 56

A message about ourselves we get from others.

Answer 56

Reflected Appraisal

Question 57

Our view of how we measure up against others in certain areas of our life.

Answer 57

Social Comparison

Question 58

Which of the following may be the result of physiological factors, past experiences and roles, cultures, and present conditions? a. selection b. similarity c. self serving bias d. differences in perception

Answer 58

d. differences in perception

Question 59

By neglecting some stimuli and focusing on other stimuli, you are engaging in which process of perception? a. organization b. selection c. classification d. interpretation

Answer 59

b. selection

Question 60

______ is an organizational method whereby missing information is filled in to create the appearance of a complete unit, and ______ is another organizational technique whereby elements are grouped based on their similarities in size, color and shape. a. Closure; similarity b. Proximity; figure and ground c. Similarity; proximity d. Closure; proximity

Answer 60

a. Closure; similarity

Question 61

Perceptual constancy results because of a. physiological factors b. past experiences and roles c. people's cultures and co-cultures d. people's present feelings and circumstances

Answer 61

b. past experiences and roles

Question 62

A system of shared beliefs, values, customers and behaviors is known as a a. person b. communicator c. role d. culture

Answer 62

d. culture

Question 63

Which of the following is a perceptual error frequently made by people? a. believing stereotypes about people who are different from themselves b. believing other people are courageous, while they, themselves, are cowardly c. believing that others are considerably older than themselves d. believing that uneducated people are happier than educated people

Answer 63

a. believing stereotypes about people who are different from themselves

Question 64

When people seek to present an ideal version of themselves, they are engaging in a. identity management b. active perception c. attribution d. selection

Answer 64

a. identity management

Question 65

First impressions a. generally take weeks or more to develop b. are based on people's sense of humor, their personality, and their religion c. are frequently based on other people's appearance d. are generally accurate and therefore are lasting impressions

Answer 65

c. are frequently based on other people's appearance

Question 66

Our physical characteristics are unrelated to our perceptions. True/False

Answer 66

False

Question 67

A speech of self-introduction initially requires intrapersonal communication. True/False

Answer 67

True

Question 68

When you perceive nine lines as three groups, rather than nine unconnected lines, you are illustrating the concept of proximity. True/False

Answer 68

True

Question 69

Proximity is when we organize stimuli based on their likeness or similarity. True/False

Answer 69

False

Question 70

Perceptual constancy means that past experience has little effect on our perceptions. True/False

Answer 70

False

Question 71

In your work as a porter in a large hotel, you notice that guests seem to look right through you, don't remember that you were the one who helped them, and don't seem to know which porter they are supposed to tip when they check out. This experience is an example of disconfirmation of your self-concept. True/False

Answer 71

True

Question 72

Perception is the mental process through which we interpret that which we sense. True/False

Answer 72

True

Question 73

Noticing the women in the room more than the men in the room is an example of selective attention. True/False

Answer 73

True

Question 74

Closure is related to how we organize stimuli. | True/False

Answer 74

True

Question 75

"No matter who sees a chair, they all see the same chair" illustrates the idea of active perception. True/False

Answer 75

False

Question 76

We use similarity to engage in the organization of stimuli. | True/False

Answer 76

True

Question 77

How you perceive yourself plays a central role in communication. True/False

Answer 77

True

Question 78

People of different cultures tend to perceive things in the same way. True/False

Answer 78

False

Question 79

"Birds of a feather flock together" is an expression that illustrates the concept of closure. True/False

Answer 79

False

Question 80

Closure is related to how we organize stimuli. | True/False

Answer 80

True

Question 81

Prejudices can be positive where you pre-judge that another person is "good" without any evidence. True/False

Answer 81

True

Question 82

Interpretive perception involves only internal stimuli. | True/False

Answer 82

False

Question 83

Ground is what you focus on the most; figure is the context in which you see the ground. True/False

Answer 83

False

Question 84

The process of perception includes selection, organization and interpretation. True/False

Answer 84

True

Question 85

Perception is the mental process through which we interpret that which we sense. True/False

Answer 85

True

Question 86

How you perceive yourself plays a central role in communication. True/False

Answer 86

True

Question 87

Stereotypes are initially based on classifications of people. True/False

Answer 87

True

Question 88

Temporary conditions like fatigue, hunger or a headache can affect your perceptions. True/False

Answer 88

True

Question 89

Perceptual constancy means that past experience has little effect on our perceptions. True/False

Answer 89

False

Question 90

Prejudices and stereotypes are unrelated. | True/False

Answer 90

False

Question 91

Prejudices interfere with our accurate perceptions of others. True/False

Answer 91

True

Question 92

The position adopted in the book is that everyone sees everything in his or her own unique way. True/False

Answer 92

True

Question 93

When you perceive nine lines as three groups, rather than nine unconnected lines, you are illustrating the concept of proximity. True/False

Answer 93

True

Question 94

Our physical characteristics are unrelated to our perceptions. True/False

Answer 94

False