Topic 3 - Resource Reliance Flashcards
How does mining affect ecosystems?
- destroys land meaning animals that live there are in danger and they are estoroying land
- it can destroy ecosystems by greenhouse gases being released due to the machinery which can have bad effects on plants and animals
What countrys are mostly at a extreme risk of food security?
Mostly African countries and southern Asia like Madagascar, India and Zambia.
What countrys are mostly at a low risk of food security?
Low risk countries are mostly based kn North America, Australia and most of Europe.
what is resource reliance
reasources are things that humans require for life or to make our lives easier, humans are becoming increasingly dependent on exploiting these reasources, and as a result they are in high demand
what are resources required
food
water
energy (light and heat)
why is climate not meeting modern resource demands
- global warming: effects cycles and seasons and farming
- rainfall patterns: becoming unpredictable
why is geology not meeting modern reasource demands
- not all countries have access to fossil fuels
- many minerals are finite
- rock types might limit availability to store water
why is conflict not meeting modern resource demands
- war can disrupt transport of reasources by damaging roads and water pipes
why is poverty not meeting modern resource demands
- LIDC’s are unable to afford technology to effectively exploit the natural resources availability
why is natural hazards not meeting modern resource demands
- increase in hazard events due to climate change
- prime agriculture regions in asia and africa
- has the ability to destroy infranstructure needed to transport resources
information on resevoirs and water transfers
- increasing storgae to hold more water and construct more dams to control fiver flow:
- can flood a large area
- damage habitats
- dams can be a barrrier for certian species to migrate upstream
- natural flow of sediment is disrupted which reduces fertility of land - contucting pipes and canals to divert water surplus to areas in need of water supply
- large-scale engineering works can damage ecosystems along the route
- lots of energy is required to pump water over long distances
what is food security
when people at all times need to have physical and economic access to food to meet their dietary needs for an acitve and healthy life
what is food insecurity
when somone is unsure when they might eat next
reasons of human food security
- poverty prevents people affording food
- poor infranstracture makes food difficult to transport fresh food
- conflict disrupts farming and prevents supplies
- food waste due to poor transport and storage
- climate change is affecting rainfall patterns make food production difficult
reasons of physical food security
- temperature needs to be ideal for certain crops to grow
- quality of soil is nessesary for crops to have nutrients
- water supply needs to be reliable to allow food to grow
- pest, diseases and parasites can destory many crops
- extreme weather damage crops
what is the Malthus theory
- believed that population would increase faster than food supply
- this would lead to a lack of food being available
- Malthus believed this would cause large-scale famine, illness and war
- would occur until population returned to level that can be supported
what is the Boserup theory
- believed that however big the population grew, people would find ways to manage
- if food supplies became limited, people would find new ways to increase population
- these solutions would often involve creating new technologies
what are the methods for fishing and farming
- bigger nets and fishing boats:
- overfishing of certain fish has caused a decline
- dredging can damage seafloor habitats
- decline of one species has knock on effect other merina species - tracors, computer programming and GPS:
- field sizes have caused hedgerows to decline in biodiversity
- fertilizers and pesticides
- heavy machinery can cause soil erosion
what are the methods for deforestation and mining
- logging using modern machinery and transportation:
- 2billion people depend on wood
- forests provide for important habitats
- clearing of forests leads to soil erosion
- tree intercepts rain and prevents flooding - large machines and drill technology can remove and reach through material effectivaly:
- mining waste can pollute soil and contaminate water supplies
- habitats are destroyed in mining zone
- fossil fuels brunt release greenhouse gases
what is consumption
the act of using up reasources or purchasing goods and produce
what is carry capacity
a maximum number of species that can be supported
what is the demand outsripping supply
the demand for resources like food, water and energy is rising so quickly that supply cannot always keep up
what is the demand for population growth
- global population currently 7.7 billion
- global population has risen hugely
- global population is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050
- more people = higher demand for food, water, energy, jobs
what is the demand for economic development
- as LIDC and EDC are developing further they require more energy for industry
- LIDC and EDC want to be similar to AC therfore they need more resources
- more water is required for food production as diets improve
what is the demand for changing technology employment
- the need for new technology to reach and gain more reasources
- more people in the secondary and tertiary industry has increased the demand for resources for electronics and robotics
what does the global index show
- how many people are suffering from illness or hunger caused by lack of food
what does the daily calorie intake
- the amount of calories per person
- can indicate the global distribution of available food and food inequality
case study: tanzania food security
- food availability: low level of food security
- population: 51million
- food consumption: average daily intake has increased
- sucsess in securing local food security: goat aid (bottom up project)
what is goat aid
- bottom up project
- northern Tanzania
- farmers given goats on loan which produce milk and more to help improve food security
- increased profits for farmers
- goats require lots of water which is a scarce resource
what were the past food security attempts
Tanzania-Canada wheat programme:
- 1968-1993 canada provided 95million in aid
- 26400 ha in Hanghang district
- provided 60% of all tanzanias wheat
- jobs created, local upskilled
- low biodiversity, decreased in soil fertility
- Nomadic Barabaigs negatively impacted
what are present attempts at food security
Southern agriculture growth corridor of Tanzania:
- growth corridor stretching from zambian border to port in Dar Es Salaam
- hub and grower model of development
- early sucsess
- top down project
what does ethical consumerism include
- fairtrade
- food waste
what food production include
- instenvie farming
- organic methods
what does technological developments include
- genetically modified (GM)
- Hydroponics
what does small scale “bottom up” approaches include
- allotments
- permaculture
