Topic 3 - Resource Reliance

Question 1

How does mining affect ecosystems?

Answer 1

• destroys land meaning animals that live there are in danger and they are estoroying land
• it can destroy ecosystems by greenhouse gases being released due to the machinery which can have bad effects on plants and animals

Question 2

What countrys are mostly at a extreme risk of food security?

Answer 2

Mostly African countries and southern Asia like Madagascar, India and Zambia.

Question 3

What countrys are mostly at a low risk of food security?

Answer 3

Low risk countries are mostly based kn North America, Australia and most of Europe.

Question 4

what is resource reliance

Answer 4

reasources are things that humans require for life or to make our lives easier, humans are becoming increasingly dependent on exploiting these reasources, and as a result they are in high demand

Question 5

what are resources required

Answer 5

food
water
energy (light and heat)

Question 6

why is climate not meeting modern resource demands

Answer 6

• global warming: effects cycles and seasons and farming
• rainfall patterns: becoming unpredictable

Question 7

why is geology not meeting modern reasource demands

Answer 7

• not all countries have access to fossil fuels
• many minerals are finite
• rock types might limit availability to store water

Question 8

why is conflict not meeting modern resource demands

Answer 8

• war can disrupt transport of reasources by damaging roads and water pipes

Question 9

why is poverty not meeting modern resource demands

Answer 9

• LIDC’s are unable to afford technology to effectively exploit the natural resources availability

Question 10

why is natural hazards not meeting modern resource demands

Answer 10

• increase in hazard events due to climate change
• prime agriculture regions in asia and africa
• has the ability to destroy infranstructure needed to transport resources

Question 11

information on resevoirs and water transfers

Answer 11

1. increasing storgae to hold more water and construct more dams to control fiver flow:
   - can flood a large area
   - damage habitats
   - dams can be a barrrier for certian species to migrate upstream
   - natural flow of sediment is disrupted which reduces fertility of land
2. contucting pipes and canals to divert water surplus to areas in need of water supply
   - large-scale engineering works can damage ecosystems along the route
   - lots of energy is required to pump water over long distances

Question 12

what is food security

Answer 12

when people at all times need to have physical and economic access to food to meet their dietary needs for an acitve and healthy life

Question 13

what is food insecurity

Answer 13

when somone is unsure when they might eat next

Question 14

reasons of human food security

Answer 14

• poverty prevents people affording food
• poor infranstracture makes food difficult to transport fresh food
• conflict disrupts farming and prevents supplies
• food waste due to poor transport and storage
• climate change is affecting rainfall patterns make food production difficult

Question 15

reasons of physical food security

Answer 15

• temperature needs to be ideal for certain crops to grow
• quality of soil is nessesary for crops to have nutrients
• water supply needs to be reliable to allow food to grow
• pest, diseases and parasites can destory many crops
• extreme weather damage crops

Question 16

what is the Malthus theory

Answer 16

• believed that population would increase faster than food supply
• this would lead to a lack of food being available
• Malthus believed this would cause large-scale famine, illness and war
• would occur until population returned to level that can be supported

Question 17

what is the Boserup theory

Answer 17

• believed that however big the population grew, people would find ways to manage
• if food supplies became limited, people would find new ways to increase population
• these solutions would often involve creating new technologies

Question 18

what are the methods for fishing and farming

Answer 18

1. bigger nets and fishing boats:
   - overfishing of certain fish has caused a decline
   - dredging can damage seafloor habitats
   - decline of one species has knock on effect other merina species
2. tracors, computer programming and GPS:
   - field sizes have caused hedgerows to decline in biodiversity
   - fertilizers and pesticides
   - heavy machinery can cause soil erosion

Question 19

what are the methods for deforestation and mining

Answer 19

1. logging using modern machinery and transportation:
   - 2billion people depend on wood
   - forests provide for important habitats
   - clearing of forests leads to soil erosion
   - tree intercepts rain and prevents flooding
2. large machines and drill technology can remove and reach through material effectivaly:
   - mining waste can pollute soil and contaminate water supplies
   - habitats are destroyed in mining zone
   - fossil fuels brunt release greenhouse gases

Question 20

what is consumption

Answer 20

the act of using up reasources or purchasing goods and produce

Question 21

what is carry capacity

Answer 21

a maximum number of species that can be supported

Question 22

what is the demand outsripping supply

Answer 22

the demand for resources like food, water and energy is rising so quickly that supply cannot always keep up

Question 23

what is the demand for population growth

Answer 23

• global population currently 7.7 billion
• global population has risen hugely
• global population is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050
• more people = higher demand for food, water, energy, jobs

Question 24

what is the demand for economic development

Answer 24

• as LIDC and EDC are developing further they require more energy for industry
• LIDC and EDC want to be similar to AC therfore they need more resources
• more water is required for food production as diets improve

Question 25

what is the demand for changing technology employment

Answer 25

• the need for new technology to reach and gain more reasources
• more people in the secondary and tertiary industry has increased the demand for resources for electronics and robotics

Question 26

what does the global index show

Answer 26

• how many people are suffering from illness or hunger caused by lack of food

Question 27

what does the daily calorie intake

Answer 27

• the amount of calories per person
• can indicate the global distribution of available food and food inequality

Question 28

case study: tanzania food security

Answer 28

• food availability: low level of food security
• population: 51million
• food consumption: average daily intake has increased
• sucsess in securing local food security: goat aid (bottom up project)

Question 29

what is goat aid

Answer 29

• bottom up project
• northern Tanzania
• farmers given goats on loan which produce milk and more to help improve food security
• increased profits for farmers
• goats require lots of water which is a scarce resource

Question 30

what were the past food security attempts

Answer 30

Tanzania-Canada wheat programme:
- 1968-1993 canada provided 95million in aid
- 26400 ha in Hanghang district
- provided 60% of all tanzanias wheat
- jobs created, local upskilled
- low biodiversity, decreased in soil fertility
- Nomadic Barabaigs negatively impacted

Question 31

what are present attempts at food security

Answer 31

Southern agriculture growth corridor of Tanzania:
- growth corridor stretching from zambian border to port in Dar Es Salaam
- hub and grower model of development
- early sucsess
- top down project

Question 32

what does ethical consumerism include

Answer 32

• fairtrade
• food waste

Question 33

what food production include

Answer 33

• instenvie farming
• organic methods

Question 34

what does technological developments include

Answer 34

• genetically modified (GM)
• Hydroponics

Question 35

what does small scale “bottom up” approaches include

Answer 35

• allotments
• permaculture