Topic 3- Patterns Of Reactivity, NEED FOR YEAR 10 Flashcards
How do we know sodium is a very cheap metal
With all that sodium chloride in the sea
What things might affect the cost of sodium metal
The process of getting sodium from sodium chloride costs a lot and takes a lot of labour and taking away the chlorine
Do all metals react with acid
No. Because not all metals react with acid
Why isn’t armour in the Middle Ages likely to be made from aluminium
Because aluminium is very soft and wasn’t discovered till mid 19th century
List some metals that’s react well with water
Lithium, potassium and sodium
Reacting metals with oxygen equation
Metal + oxygen –> metal oxide
We are going to heat some metals in the air and record some observations
Copper
Iron
Magnesium
Copper-turns black
Iron-orange Sparks
Magnesium- bright white light
Put copper, iron and magnesium in order of reactivity (most reactive first)
Magnesium
Iron
Copper
Complete word equations for
Magnesium + oxygen –>
Iron + oxygen –>
Copper + oxygen –>
Magnesium + oxygen –> magnesium oxide
Iron + oxygen –> iron oxide
Copper + oxygen –> copper oxide
Reacting metals with water:
In year 8 we looked at alkali metals reacting with water:
How are the reactions similar?
They all get oxidised Hydrogen is given off Fizz across surface React vigorously They give off gas Moves across surface
Reacting metals with water
In year 8 we looked at alkali metals reacting with water:
How do the reactions differ
Potassium catches fire and burns with a lilac flame
Sodium & potassium react more quickly than lithium (reactivity increases as you move down the group)
Reacting metals with water
In year 8 we looked at alkali metals reacting with water:
What safety precautions are taken when using these metals
Safety googles
Safety screen
Metals are stored under oil
Why are potassium, lithium and sodium stored under oil in their jars
Because they react vigorously with water
List the metals in order of reactivity starting no with the most reactive metal
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
The alkaline solutions formed as the group 1 metals react with water are called……
Do the equation too
Hydroxides
Metal+water–>metal hydroxide +hydrogen
Results for the reaction of calcium magnesium and copper with water
Calcium- sinks and rises, bubbles of gas, vigorous reaction
Magnesium- a few bubbles of gas, reacts slowly
Copper-no reaction
What two things are produced when metals react with water
Metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas
Put the metals magnesium, copper and calcium in order of reactivity starting with the most reactive
Calcium
Magnesium
Copper
Complete the following word equations for the reactions of the metals with water, wrote no reaction if there is no reaction
Calcium+water–>
Magnesium+water–>
Copper+water–>
Calcium+water–>calcium hydroxide + hydrogen
Magnesium+water–>magnesium hydroxide+hydrogen
Copper+water–>no reaction
List all the metals you have met so far in order of reactivity starting with the most reactive with water
Potassium Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium Iron Copper Silver
Equation for reacting metals with acid
Metal+acid–>salt+hydrogen
What is usually produced when a metal reacts with an acid
Salt and hydrogen
Which metals would you not try putting in acid and why
Potassium, sodium and lithium because they are explosive
Add a small piece of aluminium to 5cm cubed of water, then a small piece of aluminium to 5cm cubed acid
What do you observe?
Nothing happened for at least 5mins. Then bubbles of gas appeared and the aluminium turned dark grey
Add a small piece of aluminium to 5cm cubed of water, then a small piece of aluminium to 5cm cubed acid
How were your observations surprising?
Aluminium is high up on the reactivity series but it took quite a while for the aluminium to react with the acid
What does aluminium resist
Corrosion
Aluminium resists corrosion so where is it widely used
Outside as greenhouse metal frames
Why does aluminium resist corrosion
Aluminium resists corrosion as it forms a protective oxide layer
Mnomemic for reactivity series
Peter Sold Little Chocolates Mainly All Zeebos Ironically Tim Likes Chocolates Sold Gorgeously
Charlotte adds samples of potassium, aluminium and lead into water at room temperature state the observations and conclusions
Potassium- moves across the surface, catches fire- reacts violently
Magnesium-a few bubbles form on the surface-reacts slowly
Her conclusion that lead does not react with water is incorrect, a reaction is taking place but so slowly that it is difficult to see. The reaction is slow as lead is very unreactive in cold water, to speed up the reaction charlotte could use hot water or steam
Word equation for the reactions between potassium and water
Potassium+water–>potassium hydroxide + hydrogen
When the reaction had ended the potassium sample is used up, but no other changes can be seen. Where do you think the products of the reaction have gone
Into the air,
The water has changed to potassium hydroxide and the hydrogen gas has been given off
Word equation for the reaction of magnesium and water
Magnesium+water–>magnesium hydroxide + hydrogen
Aluminium is shown in the reactivity series to be more reactive that zinc. However, zinc reacts with water more quickly than aluminium. Why?
Aluminium has a coating of aluminium oxide on its surface of which prevents it from reacting as quickly