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Year 9 Chemistry > Topic 3- Patterns Of Reactivity, NEED FOR YEAR 10 > Flashcards

Topic 3- Patterns Of Reactivity, NEED FOR YEAR 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

How do we know sodium is a very cheap metal

A

With all that sodium chloride in the sea

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2
Q

What things might affect the cost of sodium metal

A

The process of getting sodium from sodium chloride costs a lot and takes a lot of labour and taking away the chlorine

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3
Q

Do all metals react with acid

A

No. Because not all metals react with acid

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4
Q

Why isn’t armour in the Middle Ages likely to be made from aluminium

A

Because aluminium is very soft and wasn’t discovered till mid 19th century

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5
Q

List some metals that’s react well with water

A

Lithium, potassium and sodium

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6
Q

Reacting metals with oxygen equation

A

Metal + oxygen –> metal oxide

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7
Q

We are going to heat some metals in the air and record some observations
Copper
Iron
Magnesium

A

Copper-turns black
Iron-orange Sparks
Magnesium- bright white light

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8
Q

Put copper, iron and magnesium in order of reactivity (most reactive first)

A

Magnesium
Iron
Copper

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9
Q

Complete word equations for
Magnesium + oxygen –>
Iron + oxygen –>
Copper + oxygen –>

A

Magnesium + oxygen –> magnesium oxide
Iron + oxygen –> iron oxide
Copper + oxygen –> copper oxide

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10
Q

Reacting metals with water:
In year 8 we looked at alkali metals reacting with water:
How are the reactions similar?

A 
They all get oxidised
Hydrogen is given off
Fizz across surface
React vigorously
They give off gas
Moves across surface
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11
Q

Reacting metals with water
In year 8 we looked at alkali metals reacting with water:
How do the reactions differ

A

Potassium catches fire and burns with a lilac flame

Sodium & potassium react more quickly than lithium (reactivity increases as you move down the group)

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12
Q

Reacting metals with water
In year 8 we looked at alkali metals reacting with water:
What safety precautions are taken when using these metals

A

Safety googles
Safety screen
Metals are stored under oil

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13
Q

Why are potassium, lithium and sodium stored under oil in their jars

A

Because they react vigorously with water

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14
Q

List the metals in order of reactivity starting no with the most reactive metal

A

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium

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15
Q

The alkaline solutions formed as the group 1 metals react with water are called……
Do the equation too

A

Hydroxides

Metal+water–>metal hydroxide +hydrogen

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16
Q

Results for the reaction of calcium magnesium and copper with water

A

Calcium- sinks and rises, bubbles of gas, vigorous reaction
Magnesium- a few bubbles of gas, reacts slowly
Copper-no reaction

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17
Q

What two things are produced when metals react with water

A

Metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas

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18
Q

Put the metals magnesium, copper and calcium in order of reactivity starting with the most reactive

A

Calcium
Magnesium
Copper

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19
Q

Complete the following word equations for the reactions of the metals with water, wrote no reaction if there is no reaction
Calcium+water–>
Magnesium+water–>
Copper+water–>

A

Calcium+water–>calcium hydroxide + hydrogen
Magnesium+water–>magnesium hydroxide+hydrogen
Copper+water–>no reaction

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20
Q

List all the metals you have met so far in order of reactivity starting with the most reactive with water

A 
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Iron
Copper
Silver
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21
Q

Equation for reacting metals with acid

A

Metal+acid–>salt+hydrogen

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22
Q

What is usually produced when a metal reacts with an acid

A

Salt and hydrogen

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23
Q

Which metals would you not try putting in acid and why

A

Potassium, sodium and lithium because they are explosive

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24
Q

Add a small piece of aluminium to 5cm cubed of water, then a small piece of aluminium to 5cm cubed acid
What do you observe?

A

Nothing happened for at least 5mins. Then bubbles of gas appeared and the aluminium turned dark grey

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25
Q

Add a small piece of aluminium to 5cm cubed of water, then a small piece of aluminium to 5cm cubed acid
How were your observations surprising?

A

Aluminium is high up on the reactivity series but it took quite a while for the aluminium to react with the acid

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26
Q

What does aluminium resist

A

Corrosion

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27
Q

Aluminium resists corrosion so where is it widely used

A

Outside as greenhouse metal frames

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28
Q

Why does aluminium resist corrosion

A

Aluminium resists corrosion as it forms a protective oxide layer

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29
Q

Mnomemic for reactivity series

A 
Peter 
Sold
Little
Chocolates
Mainly
All
Zeebos
Ironically
Tim
Likes
Chocolates
Sold
Gorgeously
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30
Q

Charlotte adds samples of potassium, aluminium and lead into water at room temperature state the observations and conclusions

A

Potassium- moves across the surface, catches fire- reacts violently

Magnesium-a few bubbles form on the surface-reacts slowly

Her conclusion that lead does not react with water is incorrect, a reaction is taking place but so slowly that it is difficult to see. The reaction is slow as lead is very unreactive in cold water, to speed up the reaction charlotte could use hot water or steam

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31
Q

Word equation for the reactions between potassium and water

A

Potassium+water–>potassium hydroxide + hydrogen

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32
Q

When the reaction had ended the potassium sample is used up, but no other changes can be seen. Where do you think the products of the reaction have gone

A

Into the air,

The water has changed to potassium hydroxide and the hydrogen gas has been given off

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33
Q

Word equation for the reaction of magnesium and water

A

Magnesium+water–>magnesium hydroxide + hydrogen

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34
Q

Aluminium is shown in the reactivity series to be more reactive that zinc. However, zinc reacts with water more quickly than aluminium. Why?

A

Aluminium has a coating of aluminium oxide on its surface of which prevents it from reacting as quickly

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35
Q

Elena puts samples of copper, magnesium, and zinc into test tubes and adds dilute sulphuric acid to each one
Elena has taken steps to make sure she can compare the reactions fairly, how?

A

Keep the amount the same, the acid the same, plus the temperature the same

36
Q

Elena puts samples of copper, magnesium, and zinc into test tubes and adds dilute sulphuric acid to each one
Which metal will show no reaction and why

A

Copper as copper is very low in the reactivity series and does not react with acid

37
Q

Elena puts samples of copper, magnesium, and zinc into test tubes and adds dilute sulphuric acid to each one
What do the bubbles in test tubes containing magnesium and zinc tell you about the reactivity of the metals in these test tubes?

A

Both magnesium and zinc react with acid to produce hydrogen gas

38
Q

The equation to give the general equation for the reaction of metal with dilute acid

A

Metal+acid–>salt+hydrogen

39
Q

Word equation for the reaction between magnesium and sulphuric acid

A

Magnesium + sulphuric acid –> magnesium sulphate + hydrogen

40
Q

Is sodium a cheap or expensive metal

A

Very cheap

41
Q

Zinc + copper sulphate —>

A

Zinc sulfate + copper

42
Q

Zinc + iron sulfate –>

A

Zinc sulfate + iron

43
Q

Iron + copper sulfate –>

A

Iron sulfate + copper

44
Q

Copper + iron sulfate –>

A

Copper sulfate + iron

45
Q

Conclusion for displacement reactions:
A…. Reactive metal will……..a…….reactive metal from its compound. This reaction is observed by colour changes or fizzing or hear being evolved. We call this a……..reaction

A

More
Displace
Less
Displacement

46
Q

What type of reaction is rusting

A

An oxidation reaction

47
Q

Conclusion to what causes rusting

A

Iron needs both air (oxygen) and water to rust. Rust is a form of iron oxide.

48
Q

Rusting word equation

A

Iron + Water + Oxygen → Hydrated Iron (III) oxide

49
Q

Methods used to prevent iron from rusting

Painting or oiling…

A

Regular painting or oiling provides a protective coating. This is a very cheap and easy way to prevent rusting.

50
Q

Methods used to prevent iron from rusting

Plastic coating

A

A plastic coating prevents air and moisture reaching the iron.

51
Q

Methods used to prevent iron from rusting galvanising

A

Galvanising is when iron objects are coated with a more reactive metal such as zinc or chromium.

52
Q

Methods used to prevent iron from rusting

Sacrificial protection

A

Sacrifcial protection: attaching zinc bars to ships – the water will react with the zinc before it reacts with the iron, because zinc is more reactive

53
Q

The alkaline solutions formed as the group 1 metals react with water are called

A

Hydroxides

54
Q

Pattern of reactivity starting with most reacting

A 
Potassium 
Sodium 
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium 
Aluminium
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Copper
Silver
Gold
55
Q

Rusting:

What are ships built from and why

A

Steel as it is readily available and strong

56
Q

Rusting:

What does rust do to steel

A

Flaky, weak and dangerous

57
Q

Rusting:

What is silica gel used for

A

To remove moisture

58
Q

Rusting:

In a video about rusting some people boiled water but why

A

To remove any oxygen from the water

59
Q

Rusting:

What is steel made from

A

Iron and carbon

60
Q

Rusting:

Why would a car not rust in the desert

A

The air is very dry

61
Q

Rusting:

Why was there not as much rust in the titanic as expected

A

Little oxygen is dissolved in deep water

62
Q

Rusting:

What happened to the steel in the video that was put in the tank with salty water

A

Very rusty

63
Q

Rusting:

How do we prevent rust on ships

A

Paint every two years

64
Q

Rusting:

Why is gold not a good alternative to steel

A

Soft and too expensive

65
Q

Rusting:

What is stainless steel and does it rust

A

Formed when you add chromium to steel and it does not rust

66
Q

Rusting:

In the video which of the five metals reacted when put in the sea

A

Steel, copper and aluminium

67
Q

Rusting:

When do we use aluminium

A

When weight is an important factor. Aluminium has a lower density than some other metals i.e. It is lighter

68
Q

What is copper used for

A

Water pipes

69
Q 
How much rust would there be in test tubes containing:
A) water + oxygen
B) oxygen, no water 
C) water, no oxygen 
D) water + oxygen + zinc
A

A) lots of rust
B) no rust
C) very little rust
D) no rust

70
Q

What is the chemical name for rust

A

Hydrated iron (III) oxide

71
Q

What conditions are required for rusting

A

Iron + oxygen + water

72
Q 
What is the best way to prevent rust on:
A gate
Hull of a ship
Machinery
Iron nail
A

Paint
Sacrificial protection
Oil
Galvanise

73
Q

Why does gold occur native (uncombined), whereas zinc does not

A

A very unreactive metal

74
Q

Why was silver used to make coins in the past

A

Desirable, unreactive, malleable

75
Q

Why is copper used to make electrical cables and wires

A

Conducts electricity, cheap to produce

76
Q

Describe what you would see if you dropped a piece of magnesium ribbon into some copper sulphate solution in a test tube. Write a word equation for the reaction.

A

Blue colour fades and copper forms

magnesium + copper sulphate —> magnesium sulphate + copper…..

77
Q

Complete the following word equations. If the chemicals do not react write no
reaction:
Zinc + lead nitrate solution —>

A

Zinc nitrate + lead

78
Q

Complete the following word equations. If the chemicals do not react write no
reaction:
Iron + zinc sulphate solution —->

A

No reaction

79
Q

Complete the following word equations. If the chemicals do not react write no
reaction:
Lead + copper nitrate solution —->

A

Lead nitrate + copper

80
Q

Complete the following word equations. If the chemicals do not react write no
reaction:
Magnesium + zinc chloride solution —>

A

Magnesium chloride + zinc

81
Q

Complete the following word equations. If the chemicals do not react write no
reaction:
Copper + sodium chloride solution —>

A

No reaction

82
Q

Complete the following word equations. If the chemicals do not react write no
reaction:
Zinc + iron sulphate solution —>

A

Zinc sulphate + iron

83
Q

Complete the following word equations. If the chemicals do not react write no
reaction:
Gold + silver nitrate solution —->

A

No reaction

84
Q

Complete the following word equations. If the chemicals do not react write no
reaction:
Magnesium + calcium nitrate solution —>

A

No reaction

85
Q

Three metals X, Y and Z have the following reactions:-
Y will displace X from a solution of its salt.
Z will displace both X and Y from solutions of their salts.
Place the three metals in order of reactivity, starting with the least reactive

A

X, Y, Z

Year 9 Chemistry (6 decks)

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