Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table Flashcards
What is an atom
The atom is a tiny particle that can’t even be seen with the naked eye
What does the periodic table display?
All the elements
Who argued that everything in the world was made up of particles so small they could not be cut in half?
Democritus
What did Democritus call these things
Atoms
What Greek word does atoms come from and what does it mean
Atomos and it means tiny
When did John dalton refine the idea
1800’s
What are the names of the atoms sub atomic particles
Protons, neutrons and electrons
Where is the cluster of neutrons and protons found
Nucleus
Where do the electrons live
In shells
How are atoms organised on the periodic table
Atomic number
What is a protons relative charge
+1
What is a protons relative mass
1
Where are protons found
Nucleus
What is a neutrons relative charge
0
What is a neutrons relative mass
1
Where are neutrons found
In the nucleus
What is an electrons relative charge
-1
What is an electrons relative mass
1/1840
Where are electrons found
Shells orbiting the nucleus
Fill in the blanks:
An….of an…….must contain…..numbers of……..and……..to ensure it is………
ie- that it has….overall……
Atom Element Equal Protons Electrons Neutral
No
Charge
Number of protons=……..
Number of electrons
Fill in the blanks:
The numbers of……… (Or………) determines which……..it is. The numbers of…….is…..to the……………..of the……….
Protons Electrons Element Protons Equal Atomic number Element
What number is the number of protons plus the number of the neutrons in the nucleus
The mass number
Therefore the number of neutrons=…….
Mass number - number of protons
How many protons neutrons and electrons are in boron, if the atomic number is 5 and the mass number is 11
No. Of protons=5
No. Of neutrons=6
No. Of electrons=5
How many protons neutrons and electrons are in fluorine, if the atomic number is 9 and the mass number is 19
No. Of protons=9
No. Of neutrons=10
No. Of electrons=9
How many protons neutrons and electrons are in silicon, if the atomic number is 14 and the mass number is 28
No. Of protons=14
No. Of neutrons=14
No. Of electrons=14
What is the maximum number of electrons which can be contained in the first shell
2
What is the maximum number of electrons which can be contained in the second shell
8
What is the maximum number of electrons which can be contained in the third shell
8
If sulfur has 16 electrons, what is its electronic structure
2,8,6
If neon has an atomic number of 10 (num of electrons), what is its electronic structure
2,8
If argon has an atomic number of 18 (num of electrons), what is its electronic structure
2,8,8
Group 1 the alkali metals:
What is the observation for lithium and water
Fizzes across the surface, gives off a gas, the lithium disappears, heat given off
Group 1 the alkali metals:
What is the observation for sodium and water
Fizzes across the surface, melts into a little ball, gives off a gas, heat given off
Group 1 the alkali metals:
What is the observation for potassium and water
Fizzes across the surface, burns with a lilac flame, heat given off, gas produced, potassium gets smaller then disappears
Group 1 the alkali metals:
Fill in the blanks:
These metals all have to be stored under….because they react with water.
They are all….enough to be cut with a knife
Reactivity increases as you go……the group
They all react with water to form an alkali (hence their name) and……… Eg- potassium+…………..–> potassium hydroxide +………..
Oil
Soft
Down
Hydrogen
Water
Hydrogen
Group 2 alkaline earth metals:
fill in the blanks:
Like the……..metals, the alkaline earth metals react with……to produce………gas. These, reactions, however, are….intense than are those with the…….metals. Alkaline earth metals also react vigorously with……
Alkali Water Hydrogen Less Alkali Oxygen
Group 0 the noble gases, fill in the blanks:
The elements in group 0 are called the……….. They have these properties in common;
They are……….
They are very………….gases (……)
They are……..
Noble gases Non metals Unreactive Inert Colourless
Group 7 the halogens, fill in the blanks:
Fluorine is a…….gas but it is far too……..to handle at school. Chlorine is also a………….dangerous gas. Bromine is a…………hazardous…….but you may see a weak solution of it. Iodine is a…….solid but it is dissolved in……to for, a solution that is used to test for…….in biology. Astatine is………..and very……there are only a few…..of it in the whole of the earths crust at any one time
Yellow Dangerous Yellow/green Red/brown Liquid Purple Water Starch Radioactive Rare Grams
Fill in the observations for each of these halogens: Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine
Fluorine-pale yellow gas
Chlorine-yellow/green gas
Bromine-red/brown liquid
Iodine-dark grey solid that turns to purple vapour when heated
Some chemicals can colour a Bunsen flame, what colour flames do these chemicals give Sodium Lithium Potassium Sodium bromide
Sodium-yellow flame
Lithium-red flame
Potassium-lilac flame
Sodium bromide-yellow
What is one everyday use of sodium chloride
Table salt
Particles that made up elements are known as…..
Atoms
