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IMMUNOHEMA OFFSEM PM > TOPIC 3 - P3 > Flashcards

TOPIC 3 - P3 Flashcards

1
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Improper specimen (refrigerated, clotted) may cause in vitro complement attachment.

A

False-positive

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2
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ overcentrifugation and overreading

A

False-positive

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3
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ centrifugation after the incubation phase when PEG or other positively polymers are used as an enhancement medium

A

False-positive

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4
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Bacterial contamination of cells or saline used in washing

A

False-positive

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5
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Dirty glassware

A

False-positive

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5
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Presence of fibrin in the test tube may mimic agglutination

A

False-positive

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6
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Cells with a positive DAT will yield a positive IAT

A

False-positive

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7
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Polyagglutinable cells

A

False-positive

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8
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Saline contaminated by heavy metals or colloidal silica

A

False-positive

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9
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ using a serum sample for a DAT (use EDTA, ACD or CPD anticoagulated blood)

A

False-positive

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10
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Samples collected in gel separator tubes may have unauthentic complement attachment

A

False-positive

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11
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Complement attachment when specimens are collected from infusion lines infusing dextrose solutions.

A

False-positive

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12
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Preservative-dependent antibody directed against reagents

A

False-positive

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13
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Inadequate or improper washing of cells

A

False-negative

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14
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Failure to wash additional times when increased serum volumes are used

A

False-negative

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15
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Contamination of AHG by extraneous protein (i.e., glove, wrong dropper)

A

False-negative

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16
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ High concentration of IgG paraproteins in test serum

A

False-negative

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17
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Early dissociation of bound IgG from RBCs due to interruption in testing

A

False-negative

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18
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Early dissociation of bound IgG from RBCs due to improper testing temperature (i.e, saline or AHG too cold or hot)

A

False-negative

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19
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ AHG reagent nonreactive because of deterioration or neutralization (improper reagent storage)

A

False-negative

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20
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Excessive heat or repeated freezing and thawing of test serum

A

False-negative

21
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Serum nonreactive because of deterioration of complement

A

False-negative

22
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ AHG reagent, test serum, or enhancement medium not added

A

False-negative

23
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Under-centrifuged or over-centrifuged

A

False-negative

24
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Cell suspension either too weak or too heavy

A

False-negative

25
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Serum: cell ratios are not ideal

A

False-negative

26
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Rare antibodies are present that are only detectable with polyspecific AHG and when active complement is present.

A

False-negative

27
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Low PH of saline

A

False-negative

28
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Inadequate incubation conditions in the IAT

A

False-negative

29
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Poor reading technique

A

False-negative

30
Q

(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin
Test Techniques)

  1. Low Ionic Polybrene Technique

_________ reported on the adaptation of the automated low ionic polybrene (LIP) technique

A

1980: Lalezari and Jiang

31
Q

(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin
Test Techniques)

  1. Low Ionic Polybrene Technique

relies on _________ to rapidly sensitize cells with antibody

A

low ionic conditions

32
Q

(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin
Test Techniques)

  1. Low Ionic Polybrene Technique

_______ potent rouleaux-forming reagent

A

Polybrene:

33
Q

(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin
Test Techniques)

  1. Low Ionic Polybrene Technique

Polybrene is added to allow the sensitized cells to approach each other and permit cross-linking by the attached antibody. Then a _________ is then added to reverse the rouleaux

A

high ionic strength solution

34
Q

(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin
Test Techniques)

  1. Low Ionic Polybrene Technique

+ reaction: ________

A

presence of agglutination

35
Q

(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin
Test Techniques)

  1. Low Ionic Polybrene Technique

If performed,__________ reagent must be used

A

monospecific anti-IgG

36
Q

(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin
Test Techniques)

  1. Low Ionic Polybrene Technique

___________ used microplates for a number of different grouping procedures (includes IAT)

A

Crawford and colleagues

37
Q

(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin
Test Techniques)

  1. Low Ionic Polybrene Technique

________ adapted the LIP technique for use in microplates

A

Redman and associates

38
Q

(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin
Test Techniques)

  1. Low Ionic Polybrene Technique

________ antibody is missed

39
Q

(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin
Test Techniques)

  1. Enzyme-linked antiglobulin test (ELAT)

procedure:
1. _________ is added to a microtiter well and washed with saline
2. _____, which has been labeled with an enzyme, is added
3. _______ will bind to IgG-sensitized RBCs
4. Excess antibody is removed, and _______ is added.
5. Amount of color produced is measured _______
- optical density is usually measured at _____

A
  1. RBC suspension
  2. AHG
  3. Enzyme-labeled AHG
  4. enzyme substrate
  5. spectrophotometrically ; 405 nm
40
Q

(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin
Test Techniques)

  1. Solid Phase Technology

uses either ______ or_________

A

test tubes or microplates

41
Q

(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin
Test Techniques)

  1. Solid Phase Technology

DAT: antibody is attached to a ________, and RBCs are added.

A

microplate well

42
Q

(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin
Test Techniques)

  1. Solid Phase Technology

_______ If antibody is specific for antigen on RBCs, the bottom of the well will be covered with suspension

43
Q

(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin
Test Techniques)

  1. Solid Phase Technology

if no such specificity occurs, RBCs will settle to the bottom of the well ______

44
Q

(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin
Test Techniques)

  1. Solid Phase Technology

IAT: known RBCs are bound to a well that has been treated with _______ or _____. Test serum is added to RBC-coated wells, and if antibody in serum is specific for antigen on fixed RBCs, a positive reaction occurs (same with (+) rxn above)

A

glutaraldehyde or poly L-lysine

45
Q

(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin
Test Techniques)

  1. Gel Test

process that detects RBC antigen-antibody reactions by means of using a chamber filled with ___________

gel acts as a trap; free unagglutinated RBCs form pellets in the bottom of the tube [_____], whereas agglutinated RBCs are trapped in the tube for hours [_______]

A

polyacrylamide gel ; (-) rxn ; (+) rxn

46
Q

(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin
Test Techniques)

  1. Gel Test

________: does not contain any specific reagent and acts only by its property of trapping agglutinates

main applications: _______ and identification with _______ or _____and _________

A

Neutral gel ; antibody screening ; enzyme-treated or untreated RBCs ; reverse ABO typing

47
Q

(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin
Test Techniques)

  1. Gel Test

________ use a specific reagent incorporated into the gel

useful for _________

A

Specific gel tests ; antigen determination

48
Q

(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin
Test Techniques)

  1. Gel Test

__________: AHG reagent is incorporated into the gel.

Ex. in an IAT gel, ____ of a 0.8% RBC suspension is pipetted onto a gel containing AHG, serum is added, and the tube is ______ after a period of incubation

A

C. Gel low ionic antiglobulin test (GLIAT)

  • 50 μL ; centrifuged
49
Q

(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin
Test Techniques)

  1. Gel Test

C. GLIAT

  • For the DAT, 50 μL of a 0.8% RBC suspension in ______ (ID-Diluent 2) is added to the top of each microtube of the LISS/Coombs ID cards. The cards are centrifuged at ________ for ____
A

LISS solution ; 910 rpm for 10 minutes.

IMMUNOHEMA OFFSEM PM (7 decks)

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