Topic 3 - Migraine, Respiratory- And Sleep Disorders Flashcards
What are the phases in migraine?
Prodrome
Aura
Pain
Postdrome
What happens during the aura phase?
Reduced cerebral blood flow and metabolism
What happens during the pain phase of migraine?
Cerebral hyperemia and vasodilatation of intra and extra cranial blood vessels
The aura phase and later headache with mental confusion and difficulty thinking are due to….?
A temporary imbalance of cerebral neurotransmitter and serotoninergic systems
What are the four types of headaches?
- migraine + aura
- migraine - aura
- chronic daily headaches
- cluster headaches
Which cognitive domains are affected during vascular headaches?
- attention
- immediate recall
- calculation
- abstraction
- overall cognitive functioning
Which brain regions are most vulnerable to the effects of anoxia or ischemia?
Most vulnerable are structures at the end of the vascular supply, with high metabolic rates
Anoxic brain injury results in lesions in the ….
- hippocampus
- basal ganglia
- cerebellum
- atrophy of corpus callosum
Neuropsychological deficits following anoxic brain injury are …
- agnosia
- impaired memory
- executive dysfunction
- impaired visual-spatial skills
- generalized neuro cognitive impairments
- motor disturbances
How is migraine initiated?
- neuronal discharges releasing neurotransmitters from the upper brain stem and trigeminal system
- unilateral cerebral vasoconstriction (aura’s)
- Vasodilation of intra and extra cranial blood vessels (headaches)
Psychological and behavior changes after anoxic brain injury
Euphoria Irritability Emotional volatility Depression Anxiety
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease refers to …
A group of pulmonary diseases with airflow limitation that is not fully reversible including chronic bronchitis and emphysema, which occur without an asthmatic component
COPD is …
A progressive and degenerative disease process that results in airflow obstruction, air trapping, hyperinflation if the lungs, and impaired gas exchange
Risk factors for the development of COPD are …
- smoking
- family history of pulmonary diseases
- exposure to allergies
- pulmonary infection
Symptoms of COPD
- shortness of breath
- dyspnea
- cough
- increased sputum production
- wheezing
As COPD advances, the pulmonary changes lead to …
- abnormal sleep structure
- sleeplessness
- poor physical and neuro cognitive function
- poor exercise tolerance
- lack of appetite
- weight change
- fatigue
- dyspnea
What neurocognitive impairment have patients with COPD?
- impaired memory
- executive function
- flexible thinking
- attention
- slowed mental processing speed
Neurocognitive impairments in COPD correlate with …
The duration and severity of the hypoxia
Also associated with older age and duration of COPD
What is the most commonly affected domain in COPD?
Memory
Which neuropsychiatric disorders are common in patients with COPD?
Depression and anxiety
What is the effect of oxygen treatment in patients with COPD?
Oxygen treatment may improve neurocognitive functioning but does not have an effect on neuropsychiatric disorders
Exercise rehabilitation in COPD patients show improvements in …
- physical functioning
- endurance
- neurocognitive functioning
- improved neuropsychiatric well-being
Mild hypoxia leads to …
Mild impairments in higher cerebral problem solving skills
Moderate to severe hypoxia leads to …
Poor motor skills, abstract reasoning problems, attention problems, learning problems, memory and language problems
When do you have chronic daily headaches?
When you have more than 15 migraine headaches per month
ARDS is characterized by ..
acute lung injury, hypoxemia, lowered total thoracic compliance and diffuse bilateral infiltrates
Neurocognitive morbidity associated with ARDS
- global neurocognitive decline
- impaired memory
- mental processing speed
- concentration
- attention
Neuropsychiatric morbidity associated with ARDS
Depression, anxiety and PTSD
What are the acute symptoms of CO poisening
non-specific flu like symptoms. Heart and brain most vulnerable.
As a result of CO poisoning, neuronal lesions occur in …
cortex, cerebellum, thalamus, substantia nigra
neurocognitive morbidity associated with CO poisoning
- memory
- executive functioning
- mental processing speed
- intellectual functioning
- apraxia
- aphasia
- agnosia
neuropsychiatric morbidity associated with CO poisoning
- depression
- anxiety
- hallucinations
- violent outbursts
- elated mood
- irritability
- decreased frustration tolerance
what is the effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment in CO
hyperbaric oxygen treatment improves neurocognitive functioning but does not reduce depression and anxiety
OSA is characterized by …
absence (apnea) or reduction (hypopnea) of airflow lasting at least 10 s despite normal respiratory eforts
common symptoms OSA
excessive daytime sleepiness, snoring, gasping/choking during sleep, headaches, irritability, mood disturbance, personality change, motor restlessness, and neurocognitive complaints.
OSA is a risk factor for ..
the development of pulmonary hypertension, cardiovasculair disease, arrhythmias, hormonal abnormalities
high incidence of OSA in …
men, snorring, overweight, high BP, physical abnormalities in the upper airways
neurocognitive morbidities associated with OSA
- memory
- attention
- vigilance
- general intellectual functioning
- problem solving
- executive functioning
- visuospatial abilities
- psychomotor speed
neuropsychiatric morbidities associated with OSA
depression and anxiety
