Topic 3 - Membranes & Integumentary System Flashcards
A sheet of tissue covering or lining a part of the body.
Membrane
A membrane that is epithelial tissue with an underlying connective tissue layer.
Epithelial Membrane
What are the 3 types of epithelial membranes?
1) Mucous
2) Serous
3) Cutaneous
A type of epithelial membrane that lines a body cavity that opens directly to the exterior. It is epithelium with a connective tissue base. It functions as protection and absorption.
Mucous (aka. Mucosa)
A type of epithelial membrane that lines a body cavity that does not open directly to the exterior and also covers organs within the cavity. Simple squamous epithelium secretes serous fluid for lubrication.
Serous
What are the 2 layers of serous membranes?
1) Parietal
2) Visceral
The layer of a serous membrane that lines the cavity wall.
Parietal
The layer of a serous membrane that covers and adheres to organs in the cavity.
Visceral
A type of epithelial membrane consisting of the dermis and epidermis.
Cutaneous (aka. Skin)
A membrane that lines freely movable joint cavities and does not open to the exterior. There is no epithelium, but instead is made up of synoviocytes with a CT base.
Synovial Membrane
Fluid that lubricates and nourishes joint cartilage. Contains macrophages that help fight infections and clean up within the joint cavity.
Synovial Fluid
A system with functions that include protection, thermoregulation, blood reservoir, excretion and vitamin synthesis.
Integumentary System
What are the 3 structural components of the integumentary system from superficial to deep?
1) Epidermis
2) Dermis
3) Subcutaneous Tissue
A superficial layer of stratified squamous epithelium that is avascular and part of the integumentary system.
Epidermis
Some different types of _________ cells include:
- Keratinocytes
- Melanocytes
- Langerhans Cells
- Merkel Cells
Epidermal
A type of epidermal cell that produces keratin and the deeper cells are constantly dividing. Makes up majority of epidermal cells.
Keratinocytes
A type of epidermal cell that produces melanin, which protects cells from UV radiation and gives your skin its colour/tone.
Melanocytes
A type of epidermal cell that is responsible for recognizing foreign and harmful antigens, along with helping to remove them.
Langerhans Cells
A type of epidermal cell that is involved in the sensation of touch.
Merkel Cells
What are the 5 epidermal layers from superficial to deep?
1) Stratum Corneum
2) Stratum Lucidum
3) Stratum Granulosum
4) Stratum Spinosum
5) Stratum Basale
The most superficial epidermal layer consisting of flat, dead keratinocytes that are shed.
Stratum Corneum
An epidermal layer consisting of flat, dead keratinocytes that are clear-coloured.
Stratum Lucidum
An epidermal layer in which the cells are dying.
Stratum Granulosum
An epidermal layer that provides strength and flexibility to the skin.
Stratum Spinosum
The deepest epidermal layer consisting of a single row of keratinocytes anchored to the basement membrane. It undergoes continuous mitosis.
Stratum Basale (aka. Germinativum)
A connective tissue layer made up of collagen and elastin, separating the epidermis and underlying adipose layer. Contains blood vessels, nerves, sweat/oil glands and hair. It is part of the integumentary system.
Dermis
Touch receptors found in the dermis.
Meissner Corpuscles
Structures that sense pain and temperature found in the dermis.
Free Nerve Endings
Structures that sense pressure and vibration in the dermis.
Pacinian Corpuscles
Areolar and adipose tissue that serves as a shock absorber/insulator in the integumentary system.
Subcutaneous Tissue (aka Hypodermis)
A substance in the body that hair, eye and skin pigmentation (e.g. pale yellow, tan, black).
Melanin
Yellow-orange skin tone indicates the presence of ________.
Carotene
Red/pink skin tone indicates the presence of __________.
Hemoglobin
Redness or erythema is an indication of an ____________ response.
Inflammatory
Blue skin tone is an indication of ________.
Cyanosis
Blue/black skin tone indicates ___ bruising.
New
Yellow skin tone is an indication of ________.
Jaundice
Yellow/green skin tone indicates ___ bruising.
Old
The portion of hair that projects beyond the skin surface.
Shaft
The part of the hair deep to the shaft that penetrates into the dermis.
Root
Yellow skin tone is an indication of ________.
Jaundice
The portion surrounding the hair root, which produces dead keratinized cells.
Follicle
The muscle that contracts to pull the hair upright.
Arrector Pili Muscle
The component that lubricates the hair.
Sebaceous Glands
Some different functions of ____ include:
- Protection & filtration
- Thermoregulation
- Sensation
Hair
Glands that exist all over the skin (expect for the palms/soles) that secrete oil.
Sebaceous (aka. Oil) Glands
A substance that keeps the skin moist, prevents hair from becoming dry/brittle and kills surface bacteria.
Sebum
Glands that release sweat through pores and sometimes hair follicles. Function in thermoregulation and waste removal.
Sudoriferous (aka. Sweat) Glands
Glands found in the external ear that produce ear wax.
Ceruminous Glands
Substance that helps prevent foreign bodies from entering the ear.
Cerumen
Hardened plates of tightly packed, hard, dead and keratinized epidermal cells. Functions include protection, small object manipulation, scratching and health status information.
Nails
Damages the skin from acute overexposure by damaging the DNA, collagen and elastic fibres.
Sun
Yellow skin tone is an indication of ________.
Jaundice
Causes collagen fibres in the skin to decrease in number and become dysfunctional. Elastin loses its elasticity, fibroblasts decrease in number and skin becomes thinner.
Aging
