Topic 3 exam 1 Flashcards
Who was Mendel and what did he do?
Father or heredity, how traits passed from parent to offspring, pea plant experiment with breeding
Mendel’s principles of heredity
- Heredity is controlled by factors in the individual organism
- Those who have two different unit factors the one that is dominant is shown
- Law of segregation
- law of independent assortment
Law of segregation
the two alleles of a gene found on each pair of chromosomes segregate independently of one another into sex cells
law of independent assortment
Genes found on different chromosomes are sorted into sex cells independently from one another
How does Mendelion inheritance work?
concept of heredity based on the transmission of genes (alleles) according to mendelian principles
How do punett squares work?
Parent alleles are crossed
Gene
sequence of DNA bases that carries the information for a synthesizing protein
allele
alternative versions of a gene
genotype
the genetic makeup of the individual
phenotype
observable feature of an organism
Homozygous
having the same allele for a gene
heterozygous
having two different alleles for a gene
Homozygous dominant/recessive
both alleles for a trait are dominant
heterozygous genotype
one allele is dominant and the other is recessive (dominant phenotype will be expressed)
Inheritance in autosomal dominant traits
inbreeding; disease caused by dominant allele
inheritance in a autosomal recessive trait
inbreeding: disease caused by recessive allele
x linked disorders
genetic conditions of a mutation with the x chromsome. Men get this more than women because the x chromosome protects
why is inbreeding bad?
inbreeding increases the likelyhood of getting a disease and decreases diversity to be immune for diseases
what is mutation?
only source of new variation, new genes
Different types of mutations
somatic cells affect individual
- gamete affect offspring
- usually repaired
