Topic 3 exam 1

Question 1

Who was Mendel and what did he do?

Answer 1

Father or heredity, how traits passed from parent to offspring, pea plant experiment with breeding

Question 2

Mendel’s principles of heredity

Answer 2

• Heredity is controlled by factors in the individual organism
• Those who have two different unit factors the one that is dominant is shown
• Law of segregation
• law of independent assortment

Question 3

Law of segregation

Answer 3

the two alleles of a gene found on each pair of chromosomes segregate independently of one another into sex cells

Question 4

law of independent assortment

Answer 4

Genes found on different chromosomes are sorted into sex cells independently from one another

Question 5

How does Mendelion inheritance work?

Answer 5

concept of heredity based on the transmission of genes (alleles) according to mendelian principles

Question 6

How do punett squares work?

Answer 6

Parent alleles are crossed

Question 7

Gene

Answer 7

sequence of DNA bases that carries the information for a synthesizing protein

Question 8

allele

Answer 8

alternative versions of a gene

Question 9

genotype

Answer 9

the genetic makeup of the individual

Question 10

phenotype

Answer 10

observable feature of an organism

Question 11

Homozygous

Answer 11

having the same allele for a gene

Question 12

heterozygous

Answer 12

having two different alleles for a gene

Question 13

Homozygous dominant/recessive

Answer 13

both alleles for a trait are dominant

Question 14

heterozygous genotype

Answer 14

one allele is dominant and the other is recessive (dominant phenotype will be expressed)

Question 15

Inheritance in autosomal dominant traits

Answer 15

inbreeding; disease caused by dominant allele

Question 16

inheritance in a autosomal recessive trait

Answer 16

inbreeding: disease caused by recessive allele

Question 17

x linked disorders

Answer 17

genetic conditions of a mutation with the x chromsome. Men get this more than women because the x chromosome protects

Question 18

why is inbreeding bad?

Answer 18

inbreeding increases the likelyhood of getting a disease and decreases diversity to be immune for diseases

Question 19

what is mutation?

Answer 19

only source of new variation, new genes

Question 20

Different types of mutations

Answer 20

somatic cells affect individual

• gamete affect offspring
• usually repaired