Topic 1 exam 1 Flashcards
Evolution
A change in a gene or a trait in a population over multiple generations
*Biological Anthropology
The study of humans as biological organisms
Considered in an evolutionary framework
Hominin
Able to walk on two legs and has a larger brain
Adaption
A trait that increases the the reproductive success of an organism, produced by natural selection in a certain environment
*Anthropology
Study of humankind in all of its forms
Has four subfields
( the study of humans)
Primate
A mammal
Has distinguishable hands, forward facing eyes
Culture
Total learned traditions, values, and beliefs that groups of people possess
Biocultural anthropology ( physical anthropology)
The study of the integration between culture and biology
*Cultural anthropology
Focuses on how people lead their daily lives
cultures and comparison
Ethnology
Study of society’s
Ethnography
Study of people and culture from their point of view
*Archeology
Societies that no longer exist
Looks at artifacts Material culture (objects things used)
*Linguistic anthropology
Study of speech and language relationship
History of language Social context( how language used in diff societies)
*Paleoanthropology
Human fossils
*Bioarcheology
Human remains
*Paleopathology
Diseases
*Osteology
Study of the skeleton
*Forensic anthropology
Means of which the individual died
*Primatology
Study of non human primates as a means of learning more about humans
*Human behavior ecology
Examines traits and behavior of humans
*Molecular anthropology
Genetic diseases
*What are the subfields of anthropology
Cultural
Linguistic
Archaeology
Biological
CLAB
*Subfields of biological anthropology
Human biology Osteology Primatology Paleoanthropogy Paleopathology Forensic anthropology
HOPPPF
*What is the scientific method?
Question, Hypothesis, Collect Data, Analyze Data, Draw Conclusions
*What does the scientific study need to be?
Testable, have Evidence, Self correcting
*Testable
if can’t answer using data then its not science
*Evidence
Constantly reevaluate evidence and self correct it
*Prior Assumptions before Darwinian Revolution
Age of Earth, Creationism, Great Chain of Being, Fixity of Species
How old did they say the earth was before darwinian rev
6,000 yrs
What is creationism?
All living beings are created by a higher being “God”
Great chain of being
hierarchy from simple to more complex
Fixity of species
species does not change over time
*Post Darwinian Revolution ideas
Millions of years, Separation of science & religion, Humans just another life form, Evolution & natural selection
*Carolus Linnaeus
Taxonomy= classify things
Binomial nomenclature= Genis and Species
*Comte de Buffon
Environmental & Change= relationship between environment and change, take one species and split it up and may change
*Georges Cuvier
Rivalry with Lamark, father of Zoology, fixity of species=instead of a evolution their was a CATASTROPHE
*Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Laws of use and disuse, inheritance of acquired traits
*Thomas Malthus
Population growth + stable food supply = struggle for existence (bc resources limited)
*Charles Lyell
“deep time” = millions of years old
*Charles Darwin
Voyage on The Beagle while collecting specimens, Galapagos island, Variations showed progression
*Afred Russel Wallace
English naturalist, Natural selection, variation
*What did Darwin not understand?
Sources of new variation, How inheritance worked
*Natural selection
Adaption to environment, “fitness” ability to survive and reproduce
Natural selection can’t happen without
Variation(no variation then random who survives, Heritability, environmental change
