Exam 2 Topic 6 B

Question 1

Two ways in which primates are classified into suborders

Answer 1

Strepsirhini and Haplorhini (evolutionary) or Prosimian and Anthropoid (traditional)

Question 2

types of Strepsirhini

Answer 2

lemurs,lorises, galagos

Question 3

types of Haplorhini

Answer 3

tarsiers, monkeys, apes and humans

Question 4

How do Strepsirhines differ from Haplorhines?

Answer 4

most nocternal (tapetum lucidum)
most arboreal 
more olfaction 
post orbital bar
grooming claw

Question 5

Primate taxonomy of Prosimans

Answer 5

Lemurs,lorises, galagos, tarsies

Question 6

Primate taxonomy of anthropoids

Answer 6

monkeys, apes, humans

Question 7

Lemurs

Answer 7

Arboreal quadropedialism
vertical clinging and leaping
long tails for balance

Question 8

Lorises

Answer 8

are slow climbing

specialized locomotor adaption

Question 9

Galagos

Answer 9

fast vertical climbing

specialized locomotor adaption

Question 10

Tarsiers

Answer 10

Post orbital plate
arboreal 
nocternal 
vertical clinging and leaping 
huge eyes
can turn head 180

Question 11

Platyrrhini

Answer 11

"new world monkey" flat shape nose
small body size
three premolar teeth 
arboreality 
grasping prehensile tails

Question 12

Anthropoid traits

Answer 12

larger
post cranial endosure
most diurnal
more social

Question 13

Catarrhini

Answer 13

"old World primates" 
downward facing nostrils 
ischial cacallosites= calluses on butt
bilohdont molars
OWP

Question 14

Cebidae

Answer 14

arboreal, omnivorous, diurnal, NWM

Question 15

Atelidae

Answer 15

NWM, howler, spidermonkey & woolly,
prehensile tails
arboreal and diurnal
Polygamous

Question 16

Arboreal locomotion

Answer 16

animals inhabit in trees

Question 17

diurnal

Answer 17

activity during the day and sleep at night

Question 18

Pitheciidae

Answer 18

NWM Sakis and bearded Sakis

Question 19

Callitrichidae

Answer 19

NWM Tamarins and marmosets

Question 20

cercopithecines

Answer 20

OWM (Macaques, Baboons)
tails, small brains, adapted for quadropedalism
bilohdont molars

Question 21

Colobines

Answer 21

(Leaf monkeys and langurs)
Leaf eating (folivary)
specialized digestive system:Semi chambered stomachs

Question 22

Hominoids

Answer 22

"Humans"
Suspensial locomotion 
nails instead of claws
can see color 
post orbital bar- eye protected 
larger brain

Question 23

Hylobatids

Answer 23

“Lesser Apes” (Gibbons)
rain forest canopy environments
Long arms and fingers, shortened thumbs
Fruit eating

Question 24

Orangutans

Answer 24

“Great Apes”
Solitary
Arboreal quadropedialism
fruits

Question 25

Arboreal quadropedialism

Answer 25

Uses 4 limbs to climb trees

Question 26

terrestrial quadropedialism

Answer 26

moves 4 limbs on ground

Question 27

suspensionary locomotion

Answer 27

hanging below branch

Question 28

Gorillas

Answer 28

"Great Apes" Homidae 
Sexually dimorphic 
terrestrial leaf eaters
Knucklewalking 
small groups

Question 29

Chimpanzees

Answer 29

Africa
Knucklewalking
large social groups “communities” FISSION FUSION
male philopatry

Question 30

philopatry

Answer 30

primate social system in which males or females remain and breed in the group of their birth while the female or female emigrate

Question 31

Difference between Platyrrines and catarrines

Answer 31

NW and OW primates.

• Dental formula : NW has 2:1:3:3 while OW 2:1:2:3
• Nostral orientation: OW: pointed down and close together NW: far apart and to the side

Question 32

Tapedum Lucidum

Answer 32

superior night vision
Eyeshine: pupil appears to glow
Lemur

Question 33

Intermembral index

Answer 33

limb proportion
Low index: rely on legs
High index: arms