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Edexcel GCSE Chemistry Higher > Topic 3 - Energy Changes > Flashcards

Topic 3 - Energy Changes Flashcards

1
Q

What are acids in solution a source of?

A

hydrogen ions

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2
Q

What are alkalis in solution a source of?

A

hydroxide

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3
Q

What is the pH of a neutral solution?

A

7

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4
Q

Do acidic solutions have high or low pH values?

A

low (less than 7)

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5
Q

Do alkaline solutions have high or low pH values?

A

high (greater than 7)

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6
Q

Give the colour of methyl orange indicator when it is put into an acidic solution

A

red

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7
Q

Give the colour of methyl orange indicator when it is put into an neutral solution

A

yellow

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8
Q

Give the colour of methyl orange indicator when it is put into an alkaline solution

A

yellow

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9
Q

Give the colour of phenolphthalein indicator when it is put into an acidic solution

A

colourless

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10
Q

Give the colour of phenolphthalein indicator when it is put into an neutral solution

A

colourless

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11
Q

Give the colour of phenolphthalein indicator when it is put into an alkaline solution

A

pink

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12
Q

What happens to pH when hydrogen ion concentration increases?

A

it decreases

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13
Q

What happens to pH when hydrogen ion concentration decreases?

A

it increases

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14
Q

What happens to pH as hydrogen ion concentration in a solution increases by a factor of 10?

A

it decreases by 1

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15
Q

What is the difference between a concentrated and dilute solution?

A

a concentrated solution has a higher amount of substance dissolved in the solution

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16
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

one that only partially dissociates into ions

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17
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

one that fully dissociates into ions

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18
Q

What is a base?

A

any substance that reacts with an acid to form a salt and water only

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19
Q

What are alkalis?

A

soluble bases

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20
Q

Complete this equation: acid + metal –>

A

salt + hydrogen

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21
Q

Complete this equation: acid + metal oxide –>

A

salt + water

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22
Q

Complete this equation: acid + metal hydroxide –>

A

salt + water

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23
Q

Complete this equation: acid + metal carbonate –>

A

salt + carbon dioxide + water

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24
Q

What is the test for hydrogen?

A

a lit splint causes a ‘pop’

25
Q

What is needed to test for carbon dioxide?

A

lime water

26
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

A

lime water turns cloudy

27
Q

What is a neutralisation reaction?

A

a reaction between an acid and a base

28
Q

Write a general equation for a neutralisation reaction

A

H+ + OH- → H2O

29
Q

What technique needs to be used if soluble salts are prepared from an acid and a soluble reactant?

30
Q

Name this piece of apparatus

31
Q

Name this piece of apparatus

32
Q

What is true about common sodium, potassium and ammonium salts?

A

they are all soluble

33
Q

True or false: all nitrates are soluble

34
Q

True or false: all chlorides are soluble

A

false: common chlorides are soluble except those of silver and lead

35
Q

Give 2 examples of metals that form insoluble chlorides

A

silver and lead

36
Q

True or false: all sulfates are soluble

A

false: common sulfates are soluble except those of lead, barium and calcium

37
Q

Give 3 examples of metals that form insoluble sulfates

A

lead, barium and calcium

38
Q

True or false: all carbonates are soluble

A

false: common carbonates and hydroxides are insoluble except those of sodium, potassium and ammonium

39
Q

Give 3 examples of cations that form soluble carbonates

A

sodium, potassium and ammonium

40
Q

What are electrolytes?

A

ionic compounds in the molten state or dissolved in water

41
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

a process in which electrical energy, from a direct current supply, decomposes electrolytes

42
Q

What is a cation?

A

a positively charged ion

43
Q

What is a anion?

A

a negatively charged ion

44
Q

What is a cathode?

A

a negatively charged electrode

45
Q

What is a anode?

A

a positively charged electrode

46
Q

Where do cations move to in electrolysis?

A

the negatively charged cathode

47
Q

Where do anions move to in electrolysis?

A

the positively charged anode

48
Q

What are the products of the electrolysis of copper chloride solution?

A

copper and chlorine

49
Q

What are the products of the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution?

A

hydrogen and chlorine

50
Q

What are the products of the electrolysis of sodium sulfate solution?

A

hydrogen and oxygen

51
Q

What are the products of the electrolysis of water acidified with sulfuric acid?

A

oxygen and hydrogen

52
Q

What are the products of the electrolysis of molten lead bromide?

A

lead and bromine

53
Q

What is oxidation?

A

loss of electrons

54
Q

What is reduction?

A

gain of electrons

55
Q

Where does reduction occur during electrolysis?

A

at the cathode

56
Q

Where does oxidation occur during electrolysis?

A

at the anode

57
Q

What are the products of the electrolysis of copper sulfate solution?

A

oxygen and copper

58
Q

Give the term being defined: Electronic device used to measure the pH of a solution.

Edexcel GCSE Chemistry Higher (12 decks)

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