topic 3 - challenges of an urbanising world

Question 1

define urbanisation

Answer 1

an increase in the percentage of the population living in a town or city

Question 2

define megacity

Answer 2

a city with a population of over 10 million

Question 3

define urban primacy

Answer 3

is when one city dominates in the county it is in

Question 4

primate cities can influence the city economically

Answer 4

transports links like airports are often located in primate cities to encourage migration and further investment

migration - people migrate to primate cities there are better job opportunities

Question 5

primate cities can influence political influence

Answer 5

governments and headquarters, large business are often located there to help improve the development equally

Question 6

examples of push factors

Answer 6

war and conflict 
poor healthcare 
poor education 
poor environment eg high crime rate 
natural disasters
poor standard of living

Question 7

examples of pull factors

Answer 7

safer environment
better healthcare
better education
better standard of living

Question 8

formal work/employment

Answer 8

formal employment is official and declared to the government
-good working conditions because the government are aware that these jobs exist
-good health and safety regulations
workers pay tax to the government

Question 9

Informal employment

Answer 9

Informal employment is not officially recognised and the government

• jobs aren’t taxed
• dangerous working hours

Question 10

The different economic sectors

Answer 10

primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary

Question 11

primary sector

Answer 11

he primary sector involves construction, food production and mining/harvesting raw materials (e.g. agriculture, fishing) agriculture, fishing, mining, harvesting

Question 12

secondary sector

Answer 12

The secondary sector involves the manufacturing

Question 13

tertiary sector

Answer 13

The tertiary sector involves providing services (e.g. banking, doctors, retail shops).

Question 14

quaternary sector

Answer 14

The quaternary sector is the information economy (e.g. software development, consultancy, and R&D).

Question 15

Stages of City Development

Answer 15

urbanisation
suburbanisation 
de-industrialisation 
counter-urbanisation 
regeneration

Question 16

the first stage of city development - urbanisation

Answer 16

urbanisation is the increase in the proportion of the population living in a built-up urban area eg towns and cites

as the population size increase urban areas spread into the surrounding countryside

Question 17

the second stage of city development

Answer 17

suburbanisation is the movement of people from the city centre to the suburbs of a city. this happens because urban areas become overcrowded and polluted
improvements in transport links allow these people to commute to work.

Question 18

the third stage of city development

Answer 18

de-industrialisation as the country develops it may experience de-industrialisation this is the movement of manufacturing move out of urban areas and into rural areas
-This can lead to depopulation and decline on the edges of cities because of increased unemployment

Question 19

the fourth stage of city development - counter-urbanisation

Answer 19

when people migrate from urban to rural areas.
usually to have a better quality of life and house price are cheaper

due to improvement in communication services and transport links people can commute to work or work remotely from home

Question 20

the fifth stage of city development

Answer 20

regeneration is when people return back to the urban area. business and younger people are attracted by the governments’ investment in new developments

Question 21

Factors Affecting Urban Land Uses

Answer 21

avaliablity
cost
accessablity
planning/regualtions

Question 22

availability - affecting urban land use

Answer 22

the city centre the land in use and demand for land is high. so the building is built upwards rather than using more ground space which is why cities have so many skyscrapers (it is easier to build higher than it is to build underground).

Question 23

cost- affecting urban land use

Answer 23

the city centre has the highest land price but the cost of land decrease as you move further from the city centre
Some businesses and shops can afford centrally located land, but houses in city centres are rare, and expensive if they do exist.

Question 24

land use in the city

Answer 24

commercial
industrial
residential -

Question 25

Challenges of Urban Growth in Lagos

Answer 25

water supply 
waste disposal 
poor employment 
traffic congestion
squatter settlements