Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

geography paper 1 > topic 2- development dynamics > Flashcards

topic 2- development dynamics Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

economic indicators

A

GDP
GNP per capita
GNI - gross national income

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

GDP

A

is the total value of goods and services a country produces in a year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

GDP per capita

A

the GDP divided by the population of a country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

GNI

A

the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year including income from oversea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

social indicators - healthcare

A

birth rate
death rate
HDI
life expectancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

birth rate

A

the number of births per 1000 people per year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

death rate

A

the number of deaths per 1000 per year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

women’s right indicators

A

fertility rate
infant mortality rate
maternal mortality rate
gender inequality index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

education indicators

A

literacy rate

gender inequality index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

corruption indicators

A

CPI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

factors that makeup the HDI

A

education
life expectancy
income per person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Developing countries’ population pyramids

A

the base is wide because of the high birth rate

the middle is narrower because the infant mortality rate is high

life expectancy is low so the top of the pyramid would be narrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

developing countries

A

countries like Kenya Chad

low standard of living

high birth rate
high infant mortality rate
high fertility rate

high death rate
low life expectancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Emerging countries’ population pyramids

A

the base gets narrower as more women get a good education and contraception becomes more available.

The top of the pyramid gets wider as life expectancy rises and the quality of healthcare improves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

emerging countries

A

India or Thailand

improvement in health care so life expectancy increases and death rate decreases

fertility rate falls as women have more equal and have access to education

improvement in education and equality means that more people are working

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Developed countries’ population pyramids

A

the base is narrow because of the low birth rates

the top of the pyramid gets wide because the quality of life is high and life expectancy is high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

causes of inequality

A 
topography 
health 
education 
climate 
colonialism
neo-colonialism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

environmental causes of inequalities

A

topography
the topography and location of a country can affect its development.if the land in a country has a steep relief it is difficult to build infrastructure and for farming which affects food production

landlocked countries
some countries don’t have access to the sea eg ports so find it difficult to trade with other countries

climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which Historical Factors Cause Uneven Development?

A

colonialism
countries that were colonised are often at a lower level of independence. European countries eg France and UK colonised many parts of Africa and used their raw material and sold them in high-value goods. this means that poorer countries lost their own raw material and industry

neo-colonialism
after colonies gained their independence, richer countries continued to control them indirectly

20
Q

Social Causes of Global Inequalities

A

health
poorer countries have poor healthcare and lack of clean water so many people suffered from diseases this affected the development because people can’t work which contributed to the economy

education
pooer counties don’t have good access to education because younger children would have to help support the family instead of going to school or there aren’t enough skilled teachers

21
Q

Political causes of Global Inequalities

A

a corrupt government can slow down development by spending the money on warfare rather than spending it on improving healthcare and education

22
Q

what are the category of Rostow’s theory

A 
traditional society
 pre-condition to take off
take off 
drive to maturity 
mass consumptions
23
Q

explain Rostow’s theory

A
  • stage one is traditional society
  • Most of the people are employed in agriculture -mainly fishing and farming
  • people live in a subsistence level
  • stage 2 is pre-condition to take off
  • at this stage manufacturing begins to develop
  • infrastructure such as roads power network are built
  • instead of working in the primary sector people are moving towards the secondary manufacturing sector
  • stage 3 is known as take off
  • rapid and intensive growth occurs due to investments in technology
  • Urbanisation will begin as people move to the cities
  • large-scale industrialisation occurs
  • stage 4 drive to maturity
  • standard of living rises
  • people earning more money so people are getting more wealthier
  • demand for services in the tertiary sector grows.
  • demand for better healthcare and education
  • stage 5 mass consumption
  • most trading occurs at this stage
  • people are wealthier so there are high levels of consumptions
24
Q

Frank’s Dependency Theory

A

Frank’s dependency theory says that poor, peripheral countries stay poor because they are dependent on the rich, core countries. This is related to colonialism and neo-colonialism.

25
Q

who are in charge of top-down strategies

A

governments and large organisations

26
Q

what sort of scale are top-down strategies

A

large scale projections eg dams

27
Q

what sort of funding do top-down strategies use

A

very expensive

funded by government and large organisations

28
Q

what sort of technologies are used in top-down

A

high-tech
skilled workers
energy-intensive
machinery and technology

29
Q

who are in charge of bottom-up strategies

A

local people and small communities

30
Q

what sort of scale are bottom-up strategies

A

small scale eg wells

31
Q

what sort of fundings do bottom-up use

A

projects are usually cheaper

funding comes from charities and donations

32
Q

what sort of tech do bottom-up strategies use

A

intermediate technology

local materials

33
Q

advantages of top-down strategy

A

Governments have lots of money to invest in big infrastructure projects.

34
Q

Disadvantages of top-down strategies

A

if public officials are corrupt, the money may not be spent on the project

35
Q

advantages of bottom-up strategies

A

Local communities and individuals find it easier to build up a lot of support.

36
Q

disadvantage of bottom-up

A

Poor people who have ideas and need help are least likely to be able to get funding.
Cannot plan a project with insecure funding for a long time period.

37
Q

how to increase globalisation

A

transnational corporations

government

38
Q

how do transnational corporations increase globalisation

A

are large companies located in more than one country . TNC’S increases globalisation by linking together countries through production and sale it can also spread culture - products that people use in developed countries, developing countries have them too

39
Q

how do governments increase globalisation

A

Free trade agreements and removing tariffs encourages trade

40
Q

ways of reducing global inequality

A

non-governmental organisation NGO
inter-governemntal IGO
TNC

41
Q

IGO - intergovernmental organisations

pro’s and con’s

A

IGO afford to fund large infrastucture projects to developing countries

advantages
boots economy
improve a nations energy, transport links and infrastructure
improve the quality of peoples lives

disadvantage
often very expensive and the country may have to pay back the money

42
Q

how does TNC’S reduce global inequalities

A

advantages of TNC

  • create job opportunity
  • help development - people learn new skills and more educated
  • investment put into infrastructure

disadvantage

  • health and safety and environmental laws are lax
  • unsafe working conditions
43
Q

explain how HDI measures the health of a population 2 marks

A

HDI considers life expectancy which can inform how good the healthcare system is so the higher the life expectancy the healthier the population

44
Q

explain one way in which topography affects economic development 3 marks

A

the shape and the relief of a country can affect its economic development. countries that have a steep relief and the land is not flat its harder to build infrastructure or transport links and difficult to grow crops, as a result, less money on the economy

45
Q

explain one disadvantage of top-down development strategies

A

top-down development projects are usually large scale which can be expensive to set up and run therefore less money is spent on improving the healthcare system which could result in a higher death rate because people didn’t have access to medication

46
Q

explain one negative impact of rapid economic development on human health

A

could lead to an increase in air pollution. as people get wealthier the demand for transport like cars increase but this releases dangerous chemicals which could harm the human health eg asthma

geography paper 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions