Topic 24 Arthropods

Question 1

arthropods are the most _______ phylum of organisms

Answer 1

species-rich

Question 2

Arthropod body plan consists of

Answer 2

a segmented body, jointed appendages, hard exoskeleton

Question 3

Arthropod evolution is characterized by

Answer 3

decrease in the number of body segments, increase in appendage specialization, changes may have been caused in Hox gene sequences

Question 4

all anthropoid ____ are segmented

Answer 4

embryos

Question 5

body segments and limbs of anthropoids are arranged into

Answer 5

functional units with specialized functions

Question 6

anthropoids have ____ _____ appendages

Answer 6

jointed paired

Question 7

specialized functions of appendages

Answer 7

swimming, walking, feeding, sensory, reproduction, defense

Question 8

Anthropoids have a sclerotized cuticle made of

Answer 8

chitin

Question 9

exoskeleton

Answer 9

hard lightweight external skeleton formed by cuticle

Question 10

the function of exoskeleton functions

Answer 10

provides support for muscle attachment

Question 11

Cephalization

Answer 11

the concentration of nervous tissue in the head

Question 12

Anthropoid reduced coelom

Answer 12

segmented limbs that are strong reduce the need for a hydrostatic skeleton

Question 13

Anthropod primary internal cavity is called

Answer 13

hemocoel

Question 14

How is the anthropoid circulatory system different

Answer 14

it is open - a circulatory fluid that circulates in spaces surrounding tissues and organs

Question 15

Hemolymph

Answer 15

the circulatory fluid in the open circulatory system of arthropods

Question 16

arthropods consist of three major lineages

Answer 16

Subphylum Chelicerata, Subphylum Myriapoda, Clade Pancrustaceans,

Question 17

hexapods evolved within

Answer 17

crustaceans.

Question 18

Clade Pancrustaceans includes

Answer 18

crustaceans and hexapods

Question 19

Chelicerates are named for

Answer 19

claw like feeding appendages called chelicerae

Question 20

two tagma of chelicerates

Answer 20

Anterior cephalothorax, Posterior abdomen.

Question 21

Anterior cephalothorax

Answer 21

covered by a dorsal exoskeleton called carapace, with 6 pairs of appendages

Question 22

Posterior abdoman has

Answer 22

no appendages, and contains the reproductive and digestive organs

Question 23

chelicerae

Answer 23

modified appendages that appear before mouthparts

Question 24

Spiders are ____ feeding predators

Answer 24

fluid (poison gland that empty through fangs)

Question 25

Spiders have respiratory organs called

Answer 25

book lungs

Question 26

Spinnerets

Answer 26

abdominal glands that produce silk

Question 27

Scorpions

Answer 27

pedipalps modified as grasping pinchers, crush or sting prey to death

Question 28

Mites

Answer 28

no seperation between cephalothorax and abdomen (like balls with legs), diverse oncology,

Question 29

Myriapods

Answer 29

includes millipedes and centipedes, only terrestrial, body plan less stigmatized, gas exchange via trachael system, and have direct development (without larval stages)

Question 30

Crustaceans

Answer 30

crabs, lobsters, shrimp, and relatives

Question 31

Three clades of crustaceans

Answer 31

Isopods, copepods, decapods

Question 32

Crustacean body plan includes

Answer 32

three tagma (head, thorax, and abdomen), exoskeleton covered in carapace, biramous limbs, two antennae, compound eyes

Question 33

Small crustaceans exchange gas through ___ while larger crustaceans have ____

Answer 33

cuticle

gills

Question 34

Hexapods

Answer 34

enormous clade including insects and relatives (6 legged)

Question 35

Hexapod tagmatization (specialization of body aprts)

Answer 35

head with antenna and 3 pairs of mouthpars, thorax with 3 pairs of legs and wings, and abdomen without apendages

Question 36

apterygota versus pterygota

Answer 36

apterygota have no wings while pterygota have wings

Question 37

metamorphosis

Answer 37

indirect development from larval to adult forms

Question 38

non-insect hexapods and apterygota insects transfer sperm _____

Answer 38

inderectly by spermatophore (enclosed package of sperm) on a substrate

Question 39

Do pterygota insects copulate?

Answer 39

yes (sexual intercourse)

Question 40

Insects shed entire exoskeleton cuticle during

Answer 40

molting - The new cuticle is produced before molting and is soft and wrinkled. After molting, the insect will swallow air or water to expand thenew exoskeleton.