Topic 2.1: The nuclear atom

Question 1

Atom regions

Answer 1

a) Nucleus

b) Electron shells

Question 2

Subatomic particles

Answer 2

a) Proton
b) Electron
c) Neutron

Question 3

Proton

a) Relative mass
b) Relative charge
c) Location

Answer 3

a) 1 AMU
b) +1
c) Nucleus

Question 4

Electron

a) Relative mass
b) Relative charge
c) Location

Answer 4

a) 1 / 2000 AMU
b) -1
c) Outside the nucleus in the electron cloud

Question 5

Neutron

a) Relative mass
b) Relative charge
c) Location

Answer 5

a) 1 AMU
b) 0
c) Nucleus

Question 6

Proportion of the nucleus to atom size

Answer 6

The nucleus is very small compared with the total size of the atom

Question 7

Atomic number (Z)

Answer 7

a) # Protons of an atom

b) Same atomic number for all the elements.

Question 8

Overall charge of an atom is zero and therefore…

Answer 8

p = # e

Question 9

Mass number (A)

Answer 9

Protons + # Neutrons

Question 10

Ions

Answer 10

Charge particles that are formed when an atom loses or gains electrons.

Question 11

Isotopes

Answer 11

Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers

Question 12

Chemical and physical properties of isotopes of the same element

Answer 12

a) Same chemical properties due to the same number and arrangement of e-
b) Different physical properties to the difference in mass

Question 13

Radioactive isotopes

Answer 13

a) Iodine - 131
b) Iodine - 125
c) Cobalt - 60
d) Carbon - 14

Question 14

Iodine - 131

Answer 14

Treatment of thyroid cancer

Question 15

Iodine - 125

Answer 15

Treatment of prostate cancer and brain tumours

Question 16

Cobalt - 60

Answer 16

Treat cancer

Question 17

Carbon - 14

Answer 17

Dating of cosmic, geological, and archaelogical matter

Question 18

Working of Carbon - 14

Answer 18

a) Undergo decay to form nitrogen, emitting beta particles (electrons) in the process
b) Gradual decrease every 5730 years in the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in the organism’s body.

Question 19

Relative atomic mass

Answer 19

Weighted mean mass of all the naturally occurring isotopes of the element relative to one-twelfth of the mass of carbon-12

Question 20

Mass spectrometer function

Answer 20

Determine the relative atomic mass of an element

Question 21

Mass spectrometer process

Answer 21

a) Vaporization
b) Ionization
c) Acceleration
d) Deflection
e) Detection

Question 22

Mass spectrometer results

Answer 22

Plot of relative abundance of each isotope versus m/z