Topic 10.1: Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Main features of members of the same homologous series
a) Differ by CH2
b) Same general formula
c) Gradation in physical properties
d) Similar chemical properties
Why is there an increase in the boiling point as the carbon number increases in members of the same homologous series?
Increased instantaneous induced dipoles causing stronger London dispersion forces between the molecules as their molecular size increases.
Empirical formula definition
Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound
Molecular formula definition
Actual number of atoms of each element present in a molecule
Structural formula definition
Representation of the molecule showing how the atoms are bonded to each other
Alkane
a) Suffix
b) General formula
c) Example
d) Functional group
a) -ane
b) CnH2n+2
c) Ethane (C2H6)
d) Alkanyl
Alkene
a) Suffix
b) General formula
c) Example
d) Functional group
a) -ene
b) CnH2n
c) Ethene (C2H4)
d) Alkenyl
Alkyne
a) Suffix
b) General formula
c) Example
d) Functional group
a) -yne
b) CnHn
c) Ethyne
d) Alkynyl
Alcohol
a) Suffix
b) Functional group
c) Example
a) -ol
b) -OH (Hydroxyl)
c) Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)
Ether
a) Suffix
b) Functional group
c) Example
a) -oxy alkane
b) R - O - R (Ether)
c) Methoxy ethane
Aldehyde
a) Suffix
b) Functional group
c) Example
a) -al
b) R - C O H (Carbonyl)
c) Propanal
Ketone
a) Suffix
b) Functional group
c) Example
a) anone
b) R - CO - R (Carbonyl)
c) Propanone
Carboxylic acid
a) Suffix
b) Functional group
c) Example
a) -anoic acid
b) - COOH (Carboxyl)
c) Propanoic acid
Ester
a) Suffix
b) Functional group
c) Example
a) -yl -anoate
b) R - COO - R (Ester)
c) Methyl propanoate
Amide
a) Suffix
b) Functional group
c) Example
a) -anamide
b) R - CO - NH2 (Carboxy amide)
c) Propanamide
