Topic 1.1: Introduction to the particulate nature of matter and chemical change

Question 1

Atomic Theory

Answer 1

All matter is composed of atoms

Question 2

Law of conservation of mass

Answer 2

Atoms cannot be created or destroyed and are rearranged during chemical reactions.

Question 3

Stoichiometry

Answer 3

Describes the relationship between the amounts of reactants and products during chemical reactions

Question 4

Properties of matter (4)

Answer 4

a) Made up of particles.
b) Occupies volume.
c) Has a mass.
d) Particles are in constant motion

Question 5

Properties of states of matter

Answer 5

a) Volume
b) Shape
c) Compression
d) Intermolecular forces
e) Particle motion

Question 6

Properties of solids

Answer 6

a) Fixed
b) Fixed
c) Cannot be compressed
d) Strong attractive forces
e) Vibrate in a fixed position

Question 7

Properties of liquids

Answer 7

a) Fixed
b) No fixed
c) Cannot be compressed
d) Weaker forces than in solids
e) Vibrate, rotate, and translate

Question 8

Properties of gases

Answer 8

a) No fixed
b) No fixed
c) Can be compressed
d) Zero
e) Vibrate, rotate, and translate.

Question 9

Temperature and KE

Answer 9

As the temperature increases the average kinetic energy of the particles increases.

Question 10

SI Temperature

Answer 10

Kelvin

Question 11

Absolute zero

Answer 11

Temperature at which all movement of particles stops.

Question 12

Kelvin - Celsius

Answer 12

K = C + 273.15

Question 13

Endothermic

Answer 13

Energy must be transferred to matter from the surroundings.

Question 14

Exothermic

Answer 14

Energy is transferred to the surroundings from the matter.

Question 15

Solid - Liquid

Answer 15

a) Melting

b) Freezing

Question 16

Liquid - Gas

Answer 16

a) Boiling

b) Condensation

Question 17

Gas - Solid

Answer 17

a) Sublimation

b) Deposition

Question 18

Pure substance

Answer 18

Matter that has a constant composition.

Question 19

Element

Answer 19

Contain atoms of only one type.

Question 20

Compounds

Answer 20

Fixed proportion of elements, held together by chemical bonds.

Question 21

Mixtures

Answer 21

Physical combination of pure substances (not chemically combined)

Question 22

Homogeneous mixtures

Answer 22

Uniform composition and properties throughout

Question 23

Heterogeneous mixtures

Answer 23

Non-uniform composition and varying properties

Question 24

Ions

Answer 24

Charged atoms

Question 25

Ammonium

Answer 25

NH4 +

Question 26

Carbonate

Answer 26

CO3 -2

Question 27

Hydrogen carbonate

Answer 27

HCO3 -

Question 28

Hydroxide

Answer 28

OH -

Question 29

Nitrate (V)

Answer 29

NO3 -

Question 30

Nitrate (III)

Answer 30

NO2 -

Question 31

Phosphate (V)

Answer 31

PO4 -3

Question 32

Phosphonate

Answer 32

PO3 -3

Question 33

Sulfate (VI)

Answer 33

SO4 -2

Question 34

Sulfate (IV)

Answer 34

SO3 -2

Question 35

Ethanedioate

Answer 35

C2O4 -2

Question 36

Peroxide

Answer 36

O2 -2

Question 37

Hydrochloric acid

Answer 37

HCl

Question 38

Nitric (V) acid

Answer 38

HNO3

Question 39

Phosphoric (V) acid

Answer 39

H3PO4

Question 40

Sulfuric (VI) acid

Answer 40

H2SO4

Question 41

Ethanoic acid

Answer 41

CH3COOH

Question 42

Types of reaction

Answer 42

a) Synthesis
b) Decomposition
c) Simple replacement
d) Double replacement

Question 43

Chemical equation

Answer 43

Representation using chemical symbols of the simplest ratio of atoms, undergoing chemical change

Question 44

Isomers

Answer 44

Molecules with the same chemical formula but their atoms are arranged structurally.

Question 45

Atom economy

Answer 45

Indicator of the a. level of efficiency of chemical reactions

Question 46

Formula atom economy

Answer 46

Mass of the desired products / Total mass of the reactants