Topic 2 - The Skeletal System Flashcards
Aka collar bone
Clavicle
Aka shoulder blade
Scapula
Aka upper arm bone
Humerus
One of the two bones in the forearm - on the pinky side.
Ulna
One of the two bones in the forearm - on the thumb side
Radius
The group of bones that make up the wrist
Carpals
of carpal bones in the wrist
8
The bones of the palm
Metacarpals
of bones in the palm (metacarpals)
5
The bones of the digits
Phalanges
of phalange bones in the hand
14
This passage allows the ulnar artery and ulnar nerve into the hand
Tunnel of Guyon
Connects bone to bone
Ligament(s)
A set of signs and symptoms that appear together and characterize a disease or medical condition
Syndrome
A medical condition due to compression of the median nerve, as it travels through the wrist
Carpal tunnel syndrome
The nerve that travels through the carpal tunnel
Median nerve
A tingling sensation caused by the compression of a nerve.
Aka “pins and needles”
Greek for “alongside/beside” + “feeling/sensation”
Paresthesia
To waste away. Specifically, muscles.
Atrophy
A series of bones held together to give support for the spinal cord and the nerves arising from it
Vertebra(e)
The most anterior segment of a vertebra
Body (of a vertebra)
A bony projection at the back of each vertebra
Spinous process (SP)
of articulating vertebrae
24
The vertebrae in the neck
“Narrowing of the body”
Cervical
of vertebrae in the neck (cervical spine)
7
The name for the C1 vertebra
Atlas
The name for the C2 vertebra
Axis
The vertebrae in the chest region (section of the spine)
Thoracic
of thoracic vertebrae
12
The vertebrae in the lower back
Lumbar
of lumbar vertebrae
5 (sometimes 4)
A large triangular bone at the base of the spinal column, where it is inserted like a wedge between the two hip bones
Sacrum
Aka the tailbone
Connects to the bottom of the sacrum
Coccyx
A hard vascular connective tissue consisting of cells embedded in a mineralized matrix
Aka bone tissue
Osseous
A bone-forming cell
OsteoBlast
A bone cell, formed when an osteoblast becomes embedded in the matrix it has secreted
Osteocyte
Any cell that ingests foreign particles, bacteria or cell debris
Coming from the Greek words
“To eat” + “cell”
Phagocyte
A type of phagocyte that removed osseous tissue to remodel bones, and to release calcium needed by the nervous system and muscle
OsteoClast
Dense bone that forms the external layer of all bone; provides protection and support
Compact bone
Bone in which the trabeculae form a 3D latticework, with the spaces filled with bone marrow.
Trabecular bone/ spongy bone
Rod-like bits of bone that form a 3D latticework, with the spaces filled with bone marrow
Trabecula(e)
The area in which two bones come together
Aka joint
Articulation
The hip joint is an articulation between [fill in the blank] of the femur and the acetabulum
Head [of a bone]
The thigh bone
Femur
The hip bone’s cup-shaped socket
Latin for “vinegar cup”
Acetabulum
The property of a fluid that resists the force, tending to cause the fluid to flow and reduce friction
Viscosity/ viscous (adjective)
The cartilage covering the ____ surfaces of the bones
Articular
A viscous fluid that lubricates the articular surfaces of a joint
Synovial fluid
A joint in which a viscous fluid is produced
Synovial joint
Inflammation of a bursa
Bursitis
A suffix that means inflammation
-itis
A closed sac or envelope lined with a synovial membrane and containing fluid. It is usually found or formed in areas subject to friction.
Greek for purse/bag
Bursa
A connective tissue that connects muscle to bone
Tendon
Disorder characterized by erosion of articular cartilage, either primary or secondary to trauma or other conditions.
Aka wear & tear
Osteoarthritis
A prefix that means joint
Arth-
Disorder in which the bones become increasingly porous, brittle and subject to fracture, owing to loss of calcium and other mineral components
Osteoporosis
Symptoms: sudden, severe back pain, worsening of pain when standing or walking, difficulty and pain when bending or twisting, and loss of height.
Compression fracture
Excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back
Kyphosis
Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
Scoliosis
A chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and progressive deformity of the joints
Rheumatoid arthritis
A system of structures and process within an organism that protects against disease. If functioning properly, it detects a wide variety of agents and distinguishes them from the organism’s own healthy tissue.
Immune system
An abnormal tissue
Pannus
A stiffness of a joint due to abnormal adhesion and rigidity of the bones of the joint, which may be the result of injury or disease in
Ankylosis
